The results of measurements of 137Cs in soil profiles that were sampled in undisturbed soil in Ondo, Ekiti, and Oyo states in the southwestern area of Nigeria are presented in this paper. Samples were collected from nine soil profiles. The vertical distributions of 137Cs in the soil profiles have been determined. Cesium concentration ranged from 0.31 +/- 0.10 Bq kg(-1) in the 0-2 cm depth to a maximum of 1.25 +/- 0.21 Bq kg(-1) in the 6-8 cm depth at some sites and from 3.16 +/- 0.16 Bq kg(-1) in 0-5 cm depth to below detection limit (BDL) at 20-25 cm at another site. 137Cs total deposition in 0-10 cm depth was found to be greatest at Ikogosi site with a value of 90.30 Bq m(-2). The results generally showed that more than 40 y after the first nuclear weapon tests, 137Cs still remains within the 25 cm upper layer of soil in the region with a migration velocity of 0.17-0.18 cm y(-1). The mean value of effective dose commitment due to the presence of cesium in soil in the entire region was found to be 10.77 microSv.
A HpGe detector was used to measure radioactivity concentrations of 40K, 228Ra and 226Ra in spring water from villages in Petra district in southern Jordan. The concentrations of 40K, 228Ra, 226Ra were 0.64–2.72 Bq/l, 0.05–0.08 Bq/l and 0.15–0.22 Bq/l, respectively. These values were compared to the concentrations of the corresponding radionuclides in studies from Jordan and near countries. The annual effective doses (${D}_{\mathrm{eff}}$) due to the intake of 40K, 228Ra and 226Ra, for the different age groups were calculated. The highest ${D}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ values due to the intake of 226Ra and 228Ra were found in the infants age group, whereas the lowest were found in the adults age group in every site. The annual effective doses in this study were compared to the committed annual effective doses from ingestion in UNSCEAR. The annual effective doses in this study were much higher than the committed values in UNSCEAR. The life time risk for radiation-induced cancer for the whole population was calculated for every sample and it revealed no extra risk over the one recommended by WHO.
In this study, the effect of gamma irradiation on the optical properties of thin films of polymer electrolytes was investigated. The thin films were composed of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) doped with different concentrations of potassium iodide (KI) salt. The optical absorption spectrum of each film was measured using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer over a range of 300 to 800 nm. The PEO thin-film samples were subjected to gamma irradiation at two different doses of 100 and 200 Gy generated by a Co-60 source. It was found that the optical properties of the thin films were significantly influenced by the KI dopant concentration and gamma irradiation. Increasing both the KI concentration and the gamma irradiation dose resulted in a reduction in the energy gap and an increase in the absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, refractive index, and dielectric constant of the PEO electrolyte. These findings have potential applications in the optimization of polymers for use in optical devices and energy storage systems.
In this paper we compute the number of spanning trees on the following decorated centred cubic lattices; base-centred cubic, side-centered cubic and edge-centred cubic lattices. For these lattices we also determine the asymptotic growth constant.
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