Utilization of aggregates as base or sub-base materials in the construction and maintenance of roadways pavement requires an enormous amount of raw aggregates. This paper aimed to investigate and numerically evaluate the behavior of recycled construction waste reinforced with geogrid when used as an alternative construction material in the base and sub-base layer of roads to apply sustainable development through preserving raw aggregate and resources for future generations. Finite element software Plaxis 2D ( 8.2 ) was used to assess the efficiency of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ( RAP ), Fly Ash ( FA ), and Reclaimed Concrete Material ( RCM ) against raw aggregates. Thirteen mixtures were employed in the base layer as an alternative to raw aggregates and three locations for the geogrid layer were also investigated. The study revealed that the reinforced recycled materials led to better deformation results when compared to raw aggregates. The best alternative mixture was 50% RAP + 50% raw aggregate which reduced deformation by 30%. The study concluded that the use of geogrid mesh reduced deformations and this reduction was dependent on the location of the mesh within the layers; the best position was in the middle of the base layer.
This paper aims to evaluate the impact of maintenance and rehabilitation treatments on long-term asphalt pavement performance using the data collected in the Specific Pavement Studies: SPS-3 and SPS-5 of the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program. Pavement performance indicators include fatigue cracking, longitudinal cracking, rutting, and roughness. The SPS-3 concentrates on the effect of four maintenance treatments include: thin overlay, slurry seal, crack seal, and chip seal. The SPS-5 concentrates on rehabilitation methods like overlay thickness (51 and 127mm), asphalt overlay materials (recycled hot mix asphalt (HMA) compared with virgin mix), and pre-overlay treatments (with or without milling). All of the research sites were wet and dry with no freeze as each of them had a climate that was exactly similar to Egypt's. Statistical methods such as boxplot, average long-term effectiveness increment, annual variation, and paired t-test were used. According to maintenance, the results indicated that chip seal and thin overlay had the greatest impact on long-term cracking improvements. Long-term roughness and rutting improvements were best achieved with a thin overlay. In terms of fatigue cracking and roughness, the effectiveness of crack sealing was the worst. For rehabilitation, the results showed that recycled had no influence on fatigue cracking for thin overlays. As expected, the use of recycled was found to be effective in decreasing the rutting and roughness potential of thick overlays. The climate had no obvious impact on the development of rutting while wet climates provided higher fatigue cracking and longitudinal progress for recycled sections.
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