Background: The acute toxicity with addictive drugs is one of the most common problems in the emergency department. This is a global problem affecting societies as it deals with young people at the age of work and productivity. This study aims to recognize the prevalence of addictive drug-induced acute toxicity regarding socio-demographic factors, common clinical presentation, and outcome of management. Methods: This is a descriptive retrospective study conducted on patients admitted to the Poison Control Centre of Ain Shams University Hospital during the period between the start of January 2015 and the end of December 2016. The total number of cases was 803 cases collected and analyzed regarding the socio-demographic data, condition of poisoning, prevalence of addictive drugs, route of intake, common clinical presentation, management plan, and final outcome of management. Data was analyzed using the computer software package SPSS 22. Results: A total of 803 cases were reviewed, their age ranged from 1 month to 83 years with mean ± SD 21.6 ± 16.8 years, and most cases were male (72.9%), living in urban areas (67.4%), and of single marital status (66.6%). Accidental overdose characterized most (86.8%) cases. Tramadol was the most commonly abused drug (36.5%), and most of the drugs were ingested orally. Disturbed conscious level was the most common clinical presentation in all drugs, and most of the cases were vitally stable and had normal sodium, potassium, ABG, and blood glucose level. Most of the cases received medical treatment in ICU (60%) and 93.5% improved while 6.5% died. Conclusions: Drug abuse is a serious problem in many countries especially among young males. Tramadol abuse and toxicity is increasing every day in the Egyptian community. Like other cases of poisoning, treatment of acute toxicity with addictive drugs is mainly supportive and symptomatic.

Background Anabolic steroids (AS) are commonly abused by body builders and athletes aiming to increase their strength and muscle mass but unfortunately, the long-term use of AS may lead to serious side effects. Nandrolone Decanoate is one of the Class II anabolic androgenic steroids which quickly spread globally and used clinically and illicitly. Our research was directed to assess the toxic effects of anabolic steroids on cardiac and skeletal muscles in male albino rats and to evaluate the potential ameliorative effects of fenugreek seeds extract and silymarin. Methods Our research was done on 120 male albino rats that were allocated into 6 groups; group I: Served as a control group, group II: Received the anabolic steroid Nandrolone Decanoate, group III: Received silymarin orally, group IV: Received fenugreek seeds extract orally, group (V): Received the anabolic steroid Nandrolone Decanoate and silymarin and group (VI): Received the anabolic steroid Nandrolone Decanoate and fenugreek seeds extract. By the end of the study, rats were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis and autopsy samples for histopathological examination. Results The anabolic steroids toxic effects on rats showed a significant decrease in serum High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) level and increase in cholesterol, triglycerides, and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) levels. There was a significant elevation in cardiac troponin I level. As regards to histopathological examination of the cardiac and skeletal muscles, the study showed marked degenerative changes and necrosis. Both silymarin and fenugreek seeds extract provided a protective effect on the biochemical and histopathological changes. The antioxidant effects of silymarin and fenugreek seeds extract were evaluated on the heart, skeletal muscles and showed that, the tissue levels of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase and reduced glutathione (GSH) decreased in AS treated rats compared to the control group. On the other hand, the tissue Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were elevated. Conclusions Anabolic steroids have a toxic effect on the cardiac and skeletal muscles of albino rats with improvement by treatment with fenugreek seeds extract and silymarin.

Background: Nowadays, sexual assault is one of the most widespread issues with many bad impacts on physical, psychological, and social health. Estimation of the prevalence of sexual assault has great importance in establishing the measures effective in controlling this crime. This study aimed to evaluate the features of sexual assault in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. Methods:This was a descriptive retrospective study of sexual assault cases. Data were obtained from the records of the Forensic Institute of the Ministry of Justice, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. The data obtained included the victim's age, sex, residence, educational and marital status in addition to the victim's mentality, features of the sexual assault, and examination of cases. Results:The mean age of victims was 14.31 ± 9.81, most were females 97 (67.4%) and most in urban areas 93 (64.6%). Most cases reported a single assault 133 (92.4%), and many victims 121 (84.0%) showed no relationship with the assailants. The most reported type of assault was rape 73 (50.75%). Only (16.5%) of females showed abrasions in the anogenital region, and (35.1%) showed rupture hymen. Regarding males, the external examination showed that only (14.9%) of cases showed abrasions in the anogenital region, and (25.5%) of cases showed anal fissures; otherwise, all other cases were normal. External examination and injuries were common among young age groups less than 18 years. Conclusions:The most affected population by sexual assault was young females living in urban areas and unmarried. Delayed presentation for examination is common and usually affects the interpretation of data due to a lack of evidence of injuries.

Background Anabolic steroids are commonly abused by body builders and athletes aiming to increase their strength and muscle mass but unfortunately, the long-term use of AS may lead to serious side effects. Our research was directed to assess the toxic effects of anabolic steroids on cardiac and skeletal muscles in male albino rats and to evaluate the potential ameliorative effects of fenugreek seeds extract and silymarin. Methods Our research was done on 120 male albino rats that were allocated into 6 groups; group I: Served as a control group, group II: Received the anabolic steroid Nandrolone Decanoate, group III: Received silymarin orally, group IV: Received fenugreek seeds extract orally, group (V): Received the anabolic steroid Nandrolone Decanoate and silymarin and group (VI): Received the anabolic steroid Nandrolone Decanoate and fenugreek seeds extract. By the end of the study, rats were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis and autopsy samples for histopathological examination. Results The anabolic steroids toxic effects on rats showed a significant decrease in serum HDL level and increase in cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL levels. There was a significant elevation in cardiac troponin level. As regards to histopathological examination of the cardiac and skeletal muscles, the study showed marked degenerative changes and necrosis. Both silymarin and fenugreek seeds extract provided a protective effects on the biochemical and histopathological changes. Conclusions Anabolic steroids have a toxic effect on the cardiac and skeletal muscles of albino rats with improvement by treatment with fenugreek seeds extract and silymarin.

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