The electric power system is undergoing considerable changes in operation, maintenance, and planning as a result of the integration of Renewable Energy Resources (RERs). The transition to a smart grid (SG), which employs advanced automation and control techniques, brings with it new difficulties and possibilities. This paper provides an overview of next-generation smart grids by presenting the most current and cutting-edge developments in the SG sector. This paper discusses the benefits, drawbacks, and prospects of smart grids. The difficulties of integrating RERs into the grid, as well as alternative energy storage solutions, are discussed. The unpredictable nature of resources has an impact on RER output. The energy storage system is critical in dealing with RERs’ unpredictable nature and ensuring a smooth and reliable supply to load demand. Smart energy systems provide a number of problems and possibilities in terms of developing, integrating, and implementing electrical grids that incorporate network and communication technologies, as well as important privacy and security concerns for various components within the grid. This paper also shows the influence of SGs on distributed energy generation, as well as a comparative analysis on electric cars (EVs), including classification, i.e., battery, and hybrid electric vehicles, as well as current difficulties and challenges in EV technology. A discussion of SG protection concerns and their resolution is also included.
Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) plays a crucial role in enabling the efficient functioning of Smart Electrical Grids, but its successful implementation hinges on robust cybersecurity measures. To uphold data confidentiality and integrity, the deployment of an effective key management scheme (KMS) for multiple Smart Meters (SMs) and devices is imperative. The AMI exhibits unique characteristics, including storage and computation constraints in SMs, hybrid message transmission techniques, and varying participation levels in Demand Response (DR) projects, necessitating a tailored approach to security compared to other systems. In this research, we propose a KMS that is designed to address the specific security concerns of the AMI. The scheme comprises three key management procedures catering to the unicast, broadcast, and multicast modes of hybrid transmission. Given the resource limitations of SMs, we adopted simple cryptographic techniques for key creation and refreshing policies, ensuring efficiency without compromising on security. Furthermore, considering the variability of participants in DR projects, we established key refreshing policies that adapted to changing involvement. The effectiveness and security of the proposed KMS were rigorously evaluated, demonstrating its practical applicability and ability to safeguard the AMI ecosystem. The results of the evaluation indicate that our approach provides a viable and robust solution to the security challenges faced by AMI systems. By employing the proposed KMS, stakeholders can confidently deploy and manage AMI, ensuring the protection of sensitive data and maintaining the integrity of the Smart Electrical Grid.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.