Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), known to be highly resistant bacterium, leading to dreadful infections with limited treatment options. Objectives: The current study mainly focused to investigate the anti-staphylococcal activity of Ficus benghalensis methanolic bark (FBMB) extract against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Materials and Methods: The assessment of Ficus benghalensis methanolic bark (FBMB) extract was performed by agar well diffusion method and broth dilution method. Further, the pathogenic factors such as formation of biofilm, hemolysis, adhesion and staphyloxanthin production were evaluated to confirm antibiofilm and anti-adhesion activity. Cytoplasmic leakage analysis was also carried out to confirm the antibacterial activity of the extract. Results: From agar well diffusion method, it was observed that even at low dosage (1.6 mg/ml) showed the zone of inhibition which is significantly as dose dependent manner. 50 mg/ml extract showed Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and 100 mg/ml extract showed minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The inhibitory activity of extracts was observed information of biofilm, hemolytic activity and production of staphyloxanthin. Oxidative survival resulted in decreased colonies of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and cytoplasmic leakage elevation was observed with the treatment. Further, in silico analysis also confirms the binding and interaction of the active molecules of FBMB extract, such as Beta-sitosterol, Lupeol Acetate and Alpha-amyrin against the MSCRAMMs family of MRSA using AutoDock Vina, Accelrys BIOVIA and pyMol tools and furthermore these molecules have better pharmacokinetic profile as based on Lipinski's rule of five violation. Conclusion: Ficus benghalensis methanolic bark extract, can be used as an drug candidate for antibiotic-resistant infection caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Background and Objectives: Myocardial ischemia is one of the leading causes deaths among cardiac pathological conditions. Doxorubicin belongs to anthracycline class of drug which is effective against a wide variety of neoplasms. However, doxorubicininduced cardiotoxicity limits the clinical utility of the drug. One of the major causes of myocardial ischemia is oxidative stress. Adhatoda vasica have been shown to possess strong anti-inflammatory during ischemia reperfusion injury induced by doxorubicin in zebrafish model. Materials and Methods: Cardiac ischemia was induced in Zebrafish using doxorubicin. Adhatoda vasica was further supplemented and the antioxidants enzymes were analysed. Zebrafish was also infected with MRSA and the anti-microbial activity of A. vasica was analysed. Results: Supplementation with Adhatoda vasica extract to doxorubicin reduces the oxidative stress induced by doxorubicin through improvement of catalase, superoxide dismutase and GSH activities and subsequently reduces lipid peroxidation. Doxorubicin mediated inflammatory response in cardiac tissue is neutralized by supplementation with Adhatoda vasica plant extract and improves the cardiac tissue architecture. A. vasica plant extract is effective against inhibiting the growth of MRSA which has been shown to cause serious complications during cardiac surgery and cardiac prosthetic implantation. A. vasica plant extract causes a dose-dependent suppression of virulence gens such as spA and mecA. Conclusion: Therefore, A. vasica extract may be useful in controlling microbial infections during cardiac complications. In conclusion, the present study indicates that A. vasica can be useful during cardiac complications.
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