Stochastic networkconstrained co-optimization of energy and reserve products in renewable energy integrated power and gas networks with energy storage systems.
A multi-energy system (MES) provides greater flexibility for the operation of different energy carriers. It increases the reliability and efficiency of the networks in the presence of renewable energy sources (RESs). Various energy carriers such as power, gas, and heat can be interconnected by energy storage systems (ESSs) and combined heat and power units at different levels (e.g., within a region or a local).Non-coordinated optimization of energy systems at local and regional levels does not verify the whole optimal operation of systems since the systems operate without considering their interactions with each other. One of the most famous sources of flexibility is ESSs. Hence, this paper presents a stochastic decentralized approach to evaluate the impact of ESSs on regional-local MES market-clearing within a bi-level framework. On the regional level, the economic interaction between the electricity and NG systems is carried out by a centralized system operator (CSO). In addition, coordination between various energy carriers is implemented by the energy hub operator at the local level. To ameliorate the flexibility of the natural gas (NG) system in the regional MES, the linepack model of gas pipelines has been considered.
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