The development of biodiesel which is currently increasing has helped increase glycerol as a by-product. The glycerol can be obtained from a transesterification reaction in either vegetable or animal oils or fats and even used cooking oil. Glycerol buildup without further processing can reduce the selling price of glycerol. One solution to overcome this is to convert it to surfactants such as glycerol esters which are widely used in various industries such as chemistry, food, cosmetics, medicine and textiles. This study aims to utilize used cooking oil as a source of glycerol used in the synthesis of glycerol ester surfactants, as well as to compare the quality of glycerol ester surfactants produced by the use of commercial glycerol. The process begins by isolating glycerol from used cooking oil and then purifying it to improve its quality. Then glycerol ester was synthesized by using stearic acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid at reaction times of 120, 150 and 180 minutes. The highest yield of ester glycerol produced was at the reaction time of 180 minutes for each use of fatty acids. The test results showed that the glycerol ester produced was able to reduce the surface tension of the water. The value of hydrophylic-lipophylic balance (HLB) is not much different in the range of 5, and the use of various fatty acids and different sources of glycerol results in % of the stability of different emulsions.
Obesity is characterized by excessive accumulation of fat in the body, which causes changes in body composition and endothelial dysfunction due to impaired production of nitric oxide (NO). The common means of managing obesity is through functional food, such as brown rice, which has high fiber and antioxidant content. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding brown rice to feed on carcass composition and NOx levels in obese rats. This was an experimental study involving male Sprague Dawley rats placed in 5 groups, in which 4 were allowed to turn to obese rats with the remaining one group as control. These 4 groups were allowed to later feed on high-fat high-fructose (HFHF) diet while the control fed on the normal AIN-93 diet, followed by 8 weeks of HFHF intervention and brown rice in feed with 3 different doses; 12.43%; 24.86%; and 37.29%. The serum NOx levels were analyzed by the Griess Reaction method, while the percentage of protein and fat was analyzed through Gravimetric Extraction. The results showed that the addition of brown rice resulted in changes in the Lee index (p = 0.000) and abdominal circumference (p = 0.000). Also, a correlation was observed between the Lee index and abdominal circumference (p = 0.001; r = 0.558) of rats. However, there was no significant difference between NOx and carcass protein levels, and there was an increase in carcass fat levels due to an increase in mitochondrial energy efficiency and resistance to protein synthesis in obese rats.
Kondisi cuaca yang tidak menentu seperti hujan mengakibatkan beberapa masalah yang dapat mengganggu aktivitas sehari-hari. Pelindung air saat ini memiliki bentuk yang sulit untuk dibawa. Tumbuhan pisang yang banyak terdapat di Indonesia memiliki potensi dalam menangani permasalahan tersebut. Zat lilin yang terkandung didalam daun pisang menyebabkan daun pisang bersifat anti air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mamanfaatkan zat lilin daun pisang tersebut sebagai bahan anti air yang dapat dikemas dalam bentuk spray anti air sehingga mudah dibawa. Proses kerja yang dilakukan adalah mengekstraksi zat lilin daun pisang kering dengan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat, dan etanol 96%. Setelah itu, zat lilin diisolasi dari ekstrak dengan pendinginan. Rendemen tertinggi dari zat lilin yang dihasilkan selanjutnya diformulasi dengan n-heksana dengan cara pelarutan pada berbagai jumlah zat lilin yang digunakan dan kemudian diuji. Hasil pengisolasian zat lilin daun pisang dengan berbagai pelarut menghasilkan rendemen tertinggi yaitu sebesar 1,46 % pada penggunaan n-heksana. Pengujian terhadap spray anti air yang dihasilkan menunjukan bahwa penggunaan 3 gram zat lilin dalam spray anti air mampu bersifat anti air dengan massa air yang terserap pada kain terendah yaitu sebesar 0,64 %. Pasca penyemprotan, kondisi optimum untuk waktu pengeringan adalah 180 sekon dengan % massa air yang terserap pada kain sebesar 0,65 % dan waktu bertahan untuk tetap bersifat anti air adalah lebih dari 30 menit.
Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are bacteria that produce lactic acid and are very useful bacteria, one of which can act as a probiotic because it can produce bacteriocins and produce peptide compounds with high biological activity. Colostrum is the first fluid that comes out of the udder of the mother cattle after giving birth which is very good for newborns because it contains antibodies. This research aimed to isolate, selection and identify the types of LAB found in dairy cow colostrum, especially LAB which have superior proteolytic activity. LAB obtained is expected to have a positive effect on livestock productivity. This research was conducted In-vitro in a laboratory. The research procedure included the isolation of LAB from the colostrum of dairy cows, then the selection procedure by looking at the best protease enzyme activity qualitatively and quantitatively, and testing for resistance to low pH. Lactic acid isolation, selection, and identification were analyzed using descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis using one-way ANOVA for a completely randomized design. The results obtained 6 superior proteolytic LAB isolates based on the protease enzyme activity coded LAB pro 4, LAB pro 3, LAB pro 8, LAB pro 9, LAB pro 21, and LAB pro 20.
Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai karakterisasi bioplastik dari pelepah kelapa sawit yang bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh penambahan variasi perbandingan maizena dan gliserin pada sampel. Dimana pelepah kelapa sawit yang mengandung selulosa, dalam penelitian ini telah disintesis menjadi bioplastik melalui proses delignifikasi dan bleaching cacahan pelepah kelapa sawit kering. Selulosa yang didapat diasetilasi untuk mengubahnya menjadi selulosa asetat. Selulosa asetat yang terbentuk selanjutnya disintesis dengan penambahan berbagai variasi perbandingan maizena dan gliserin. Karakterisasi bioplastik dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat universal testing machine yang meliputi kuat tarik dan elongasi, sedangkan untuk uji degradasi menggunakan metode gravimetri. Dari hasil pengujian, didapatkan nilai kuat tarik, elongasi dan degradasi tertinggi secara berurut yaitu sebesar 8,96 MPa, 23,61 % dan 91 %.Kata kunci : Bioplastik, Pelepah Kelapa sawit, Maizena, Gliserin, Karakterisasi.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.