The presence of marine clay in Iskandar Malaysia Region, Nusajaya had caused expensive solutions in the construction of structures and roads. Alternatively, soil treatment is suggested to increase the strength of the unsuitable material to meet the constructions requirement for foundation and also to achieve the specifications for development work. In this study, a series of laboratory test has been conducted to determine the potential of Biomass Silica (BS), one of the commercial brands namely “SH-85” to stabilize marine clay to form the basis of a strong, reliable land for construction of roads and building. Testing program involves obtaining specimens of marine clays from various locations at Iskandar Malaysia Region, followed by laboratory tests to determine the Atterberg limits and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) for treated and untreated of marine clay soils. The proportions of BS added were 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15% and tested at 0, 3, 7 and 28 days curing periods. The results shows that the Plasticity Index (PI) was reduce with increment of BS content. While, an addition of BS content increase in strength treated soils 60 times more than untreated soils, which is gain in early 7 curing days period. This finding indicates the BS is a suitable stabilizer for the marine clay to become strong foundation for construction of road and building.

This study describes driver’s car following headway on multilane highways.  The aim of this study is to analyse the driver’s car following headway along multilane highway at four selected locations.  The objectives of this study were to determine car headway at Jalan Batu Pahat – Ayer Hitam multilane highway and to develop linear regression models to present the relationships between headway and speed.  Videotaping method was used in field data collection during peak hours.  Data were extracted from recorded video by using the image processing technique software.  The distance headways and associated vehicles speeds were classified into vehicle following category by vehicle type: car following car, car following heavy goods vehicle, heavy goods vehicle following heavy goods vehicle and heavy goods vehicle following car categories.  Linear regressions models were used to develop the relationships between headway and speed. Based on all headway distribution, it is found that patterns of the vehicle headways at four study locations were similar, which shown a significant number of the vehicles travel at headways less than 5 seconds.  Furthermore, it can be concluded that many drivers tend to follow the vehicles ahead closely on multilane highways.  The regression models were significantly reliable based on their R-square values which are ranging between 0.80 and 0.95.  From the analysis, cars were found to maintain larger headways when following heavy goods vehicles compare to when following other cars.

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The shoreline is the boundary between land and sea. The shoreline has an irregular nature and change due to tidal conditions. Shoreline changes occur due to human activity and natural environment that results in eradication of erosion and sediment in the shoreline. UAV as a tool used to identify the shoreline change. However, the measurement of large-size reclaimed land using terrestrial survey methods, such as total station and GPS requires a huge number of efforts in terms of time and labour spending. Although, the current method is good in airborne sampling, however it is quite expensive and more complicated to handle. The objectives of this study is to identify the shoreline change from the image taken by using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and to analyse the data using pix4Dmapper and Global Mapper. Planning flight plans for UAV is necessary in this study. The shoreline changes are visibly clear during low tide from July to October 2018. Total length of erosion for three months from July to October 2018 is 8.428 m. Since the aim of this study was successfully achieved, using UAV photogrammetry could be applied in many fields and in determining and identifying the shoreline change.

Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant was proven to be a reliable emulsifier for creating stable emulsions used for drilling, well stimulation, and EOR. The presence of acids like HCl during such operations may lead to the formation of acidic emulsions. No previous comprehensive investigations have been done to study the performance of CTAB-based acidic emulsions. This paper, therefore, presents experimental investigations of the stability, rheological behavior, and pH responsiveness of a CTAB/HCl-based acidic emulsion. The effects of temperature, pH, and CTAB concentration on the emulsion stability and rheology have been investigated using a bottle test and a TA Instrument DHR1 rheometer. Viscosity and flow sweep were analyzed for the steady state at a shear range of 2.5–250 s–1. For the dynamic tests, the storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) were observed by applying the oscillation test at the range of shear frequency from 0.1 to 100 rad/s. The results revealed that the emulsion exhibits steady rheological behaviors ranging from Newtonian to shear-dependent (psedosteady), depending on the temperature and CTAB concentration. The tendency of the emulsion to exhibit a solid-like behavior is also dependent on CTAB concentration, temperature, and pH. However, the pH responsiveness of the emulsion is more significantly observed within the acidic range of the pH.

The landscape of transportation services has changed for the better since the introduction of e-hailing companies. In general, e-hailing applications on smartphones can assist users in performing the following tasks; 1) locate taxis available; 2) allow drivers to identify passengers who require taxi services; 3) book a taxi; 4) allow drivers to receive taxi bookings; and 5) make payment online. It is easy to install e-hailing applications on any type of mobile device. Nevertheless, it is crucial to assess the efficiency of e-hailing applications as they are still new to the market. The efficiency of the system can be evaluated through the factor that contributed to the adoption of e-hailing. Thus, this study aims to investigate the factors that influence the passengers’ towards the use of e-hailing services. The independent variables of this research are trustable, comfort, promotion and coupon redemption and fare; and the dependent variable is the passengers’ perception. A survey was conducted among e-hailing users in Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia. With the use of a survey questionnaire, 107 targeted respondents provided valuable feedback. The surveys were carried out by boarding e-hailing passengers’ on working days. Therefore, the respondent population corresponds to all types of e-hailing passengers’ in the city. The survey consisted of two parts; the first part contains general questions about gender, age, ethnic, employment, gender and frequency of usage. The second part is the major part of the questionnaire which consists of travel attributes. In previous literature, most relevant studies show that factor that influences the passengers to use the e-hailing services were found to be trustable, comfort, promotion and coupon redemption and fare. Therefore, the questionnaire has been built according to those significant factors. The correlation analysis was used to identify the relationship between independent variables and dependent variable. Through the results obtained, the linear regression shows that the trustable, comfort, promotion, and coupon redemption and fare provided a positive significant association with the factor that influences the passengers’. Among the variables studied, comfort shows the most significant factor in passengers’ satisfaction towards e-hailing services in Malaysia with Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.892. In conclusion, this study shows some important information and provide benefits particularly to e-hailing services company to be more competitive in this industry by understanding the needs and concerns of passengers’ when they adopt the e-hailing services.

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Nowadays the natural slope cuts for the purpose of the construction of public transport is ubiquitous in Malaysia. These cuts cause the changes of the natural slope structure thus make the slope structure become unstable and causes to rubble. In order to avoid the slope’s failure, the monitoring work on slope should be carried out by the responsible party to ensure that the slopes are in good condition and the advance warning can be issued before the occurrence of the rubble. Conventional method of slope monitoring is extremely high risk. Usually, maintenance personnel will climb up to the top of the slope to take pictures for the purpose of monitoring reports [1]. Slope monitoring activities are also limited as climbing steep slope structures require a lot of energy and takes quite a while. Therefore, this research aims to explore the ability of the micro UAV aircraft usage in order to monitor the slope condition. The aim of study is to monitor the high risk slope using UAV. To achieve the aim, the following objectives are formulated by produce orthomosaic image, Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and Digital Surface Model (DSM) using pix4d mapper software, analysis the image of drainage system taken by UAV and developed contour of the slopes and analyse watershed of the slope using global mapper software. In this paper, the drainage on the slope becomes the focus since its plays an important role as it reduces the existence of groundwater and to transport the rainwater pours on slope surface. The study was conducted at two places where first at Kuala Pilah Federal Route 361 and second at Jalan Bangi Selangor State Route B17. The processes involved were planning and preparation before flight, data retrieval using UAV aircraft, image processing using Pix4dmapper software and assessment of the slope using Global Mapper software. Subsequently, the slope condition can be determine based on the monitoring of the slope drainage. Through this study, the condition of slope surface can be seen by images taken from UAV such as cracking on slope structure and excessive vegetation growth in slope drainage. Besides that, the slope inclination, height and water flows on surface can be known. Therefore, the usage of UAV aircraft for slope monitoring and inspection was successfully and the aims of this paper was achieved since the device shows a very good tendency and the ability to monitor the slope condition.