Ovarian cancer carries high burden of disease, and its mortality rate comprises half the reported death cases in gynecological malignancy. Ovarian cancer is the second most common cancer in women, following cervical cancer. The process of ovarian carcinogenesis occurs at the molecular level and is regulated by microRNA. Previous in-silico research revealed that microRNA-155 (miRNA-155) targets the HIF1A mRNA, the regulator gene in hypoxia. HIF1A is involved in various hallmarks of cancer, and also thought to play roles in Warburg effect as well as genetic transcription factors in angiogenesis. Regulation of miRNA-155 and HIF1A is thought to be involved in the process of ovarian cancer progression, thus possess the potential as minimally-invasive prognostic biomarker. This study aimed to determine the differences expression of the miRNA-155 and HIF1A in the blood plasma collected from both early-and advanced-stage ovarian cancer patients. The blood plasma samples were taken from 32 early-stage ovarian cancer patients and 20 advanced-stage patients admitted to RSUP Dr. Sardjito. Total RNA was isolated from blood plasma, then cDNA synthesis was performed to obtain the cDNA. The expression of miRNA-155 and HIF1A were calculated using qPCR, and its results were analyzed using Biorad CFX Manager Software. The analysis revealed that the expression of miRNA-155 were 2.18 folds lower (p-value = 0.018) in plasma of advanced-stage ovarian cancer patients compared to those at early stage. The expression of HIF1A were 2.46 folds higher (p-value = 0.039) in plasma of advancedstage patients compared to those at early stage, and both results are statistically significant (p value ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, our study showed that miRNA-155 expression is downregulated in advanced-stage ovarian cancer compared to earlystage, and followed by upregulation of mRNA expression in HIF1A.
Background: Cervical cancer plays a role as the leading cause of cancer death for women in developing countries. Radiation therapy kills cancer cells through double strand breaks and the apoptotic process. Bax protein is one of the regulators of apoptosis. This study analyzed the role of Bax expression as a prognostic factor in radiation therapy response in reducing tumor size in patients with advanced cervical cancer (IIB-IIIB).
Subjects and Method: This research is a retrospective cohort observational analytic study from January 2021 to April 2021 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in collaboration with the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia. This study involved 30 cervical cancer stage IIB-IIIB patients. The level of Bax expression was determined by immunohistochemical examination. ROC curve analysis was used to find cut-off points and evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of Bax in the prognosis of radiotherapy in patients with advanced cervical cancer (IIB-IIIB). Chi square test was used to determine the relationship between Bax expression and changes in tumor size in cervical cancer patients.
Results: The ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC Bax score in prognosis of radiation therapy was 0.575 (CI 95%= 0.32 to 0.83) and the cutoff point was 62.5%. Based on the analysis of the ROC curve, the Bax expression of 62.5% shows a sensitivity of 56.5% and a specificity of 71.4%. Analysis of the relationship between Bax protein expression on changes in tumor size using the Chi Square test showed a P value of 0.390 (p> 0.05).
Conclusion: The expression of Bax protein cannot play a role as a prognostic factor in the response of radiation therapy to the reduction in tumor size in stage IIB-IIIB uterine cervical cancer.
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) is a malignant cancer with high mortality among Indonesian women. EOC showed no specific symptoms in its early stages, thus making the screening mostly occur when patients are in advanced stage. Treatment of advance-stage EOC is more challenging and prognosis is poor. Therefore, minimally-invasive biomarkers are needed to diagnose at the early stage. microRNA is one of the potential biomarkers which not only expressed inside the cell, but also secreted outside the cell with exosome protection. This protection makes microRNA stable. Moreover, several studies have shown the ability to detect microRNA in the blood sample. microRNA-21 (miR-21) is oncomiR targeting tumor suppressor mRNA RECK based on in-silico analysis. The first aim of this study is to determine the expression of miR-21 in plasma samples of EOC patients compared to healthy controls. The second aim is to investigate the expression correlation between miR-21 and RECK mRNA. Blood samples were collected from 30 patients and 30 healthy controls. Plasma was then obtained from centrifuged blood samples. The total RNA was isolated and reverse transcribed to produce cDNAs. cDNAs were then quantified using qPCR using specific primer for miR-21 and RECK mRNA. The expression analysis
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