Building Integrated Photovoltaic thermal solar collector (BIPVT) with Spiral flow absorber design is a collector not only used to generate electricity and thermal energy simultaneously but also can be integrated with the roof. Due to it characteristic as a roof, the collector is exposed to the direct sunlight resulting from a higher temperature on it surfaces. The temperature increased will simultaneously decrease it efficiency. An experiment has been conducted outdoor at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia to examine and evaluate the efficiency of the collector. Data for the experiment has been collected and gathered from 08:00 to 17:00 respectively. Results from the experiment recorded the best total efficiency of 65.10% (53.64% thermal efficiency and 11.46% electrical efficiency from the PV panel) at mass flow rate of 0.041kg/s and solar radiation of 1148W/m<sup>2</sup>. The effect of mass flow rates on open circuit voltage (V<sub>oc</sub>) and the modules short circuit current (I<sub>sc</sub>) are also presented.
Desiccant is a hygroscopic substance generally used in the dryer and air-conditioning system as a drying agent. The function of desiccant is to remove moisture from the air to reduce the humidity of the surrounding air been conditioned. This paper presents several works on the performance of desiccant material in the drying and air-conditioning application. It puts focus on the various advantages and disadvantages of the use of desiccant as a drying agent. There are some advantages of using desiccant include consistent drying and low energy usage. However, there are several disadvantages of using desiccants which are low capacity for moisture absorption and pressure drop in solid desiccant. Solar drying applications have some advantages such as being comparatively cheaper than other methods and less risk of spoiling the product. On the contrary, drying applications have disadvantages include being lower in comparison to the original foodstuff and drying foods eventually leads to shrinkage. The advantages of using desiccant in air-conditioning applications offer dehumidified fresh air to keep the building's temperature in a comfortable range and enhances water recovery efficiency. There are disadvantages such as desiccant will substantially impact the system's performance and desiccant should be cooled after completely dried.
Roof constitutes as one of the largest surfaces in a building that receives high amount of heat through radiation, conduction and convection. The amount of heat received by a roof depends greatly on climate condition and roof design configurations. In a hot climate, roof is designed as a barrier to the hot sun, while in cold climate, roof is an amplifier that magnifies the amount of heat gains into building envelope. As Malaysia is in tropical climate, roofs in Malaysia must be able to curb heat from the sun. Latest insertion of Malaysia Standard MS1525 requirement to the Universal Building By Law (UBBL) mandate for authority approval on the achievable thermal transmittance (U-value) not greater than 0.4W/m2K for light weight roof and 0.6W/m2K for heavy weight roof. The lower the U-value, the better the roof as a barrier to the external heat. Based on a survey study done in Malaysia, only 43.18% of building practitioners are aware on the requirement, and the current implementation of the regulation involves submission of U-value numerical calculation for total roof assembly during Building Plan (BP) submission. The result of this study suggests a need for an empirical method to measure roof performance. Computer Controlled Solar Simulator (CCSS) is suggested as a platform to ensure effective implementation of MS1525 and certify that housing design in Malaysia complies with the thermal comfort requirement.
Passive flow control devices have been proposed by many researchers for suppressing dynamic stall and enhancing the aerodynamic performance of turbomachinery including wind turbines. These technologies are usually cheap, easier to implement, and no additional energy needed. In the present study, the effects of adding trailing edge wedge tail (WT)on the aerodynamic characteristics of a static airfoil have been evaluated. The aerodynamic behavior of 2D-NACA0021 airfoil equipped with WT have been studied numerically using the commercial code ANSYS FLUENT to solve the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes equation (RANS). The effect of varying heights and lengths to height ratios (L/H) of WT have been studied. The results showed that the aerodynamic efficiency of NACA0021 airfoil influenced significantly by height of WTs comparing to slightly influence by length at L/H<1, and the maximum improvements of the lift and lift-to-drag ratio of the airfoil up to more than +38% and 28.8% respectively at optimum height 1.75%c and length 1%c compared to baseline airfoil case and suggested that to add trailing WTs as a retrofit to existing wind turbines.
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