This paper presents the stance towards modal choice behavior between public transport and private car. To find out the probable solutions, this paper investigated the latent attitudes of the trip makers concerning modal choice between private car and public transport and the advantages and disadvantages of these two modes as a choice. It was also discussed in this paper that the public transport usage can be increased if the service of public transport is designed in a way that accommodates the level of services required by the customers. Even though, several factors, such as individual characteristics and lifestyle, the type of journey, length of trip, the apparent service performance etc. of each transport mode play the significant role for the modal choice in the transport sector. It was also focused in this paper that the influence of car usage should be targeted to reduce car usage.
In this paper agency theory has been used to interpret traveller preference heterogeneity in mode choice to understand agency problems. An agency problem is defined as a principal's dissatisfaction with the outcome of an agent's performance. Sydney statistical division travellers are considered as the principal and Transport for NSW (TfNSW) is treated as the agent. An agent performs the tasks that are delegated by the principal and thus a metaphoric contract is developed between them and travellers, for instance, show their satisfaction with the reliability and comfort of the transport service. TfNSW is expected to satisfy travellers' desired services. Therefore, it is imperative to analyse traveller preferences to understand their desires/demands. Random parameter logit models are employed to analyse the travellers' demand to explore travellers' dissatisfaction (the agency problem). The analysis reveals that this agency problem exists in the association between traveller and TfNSW because the probability of using a private car for transport is high. The preference for use of private transport is evidence of dissatisfaction of travellers with public transport. This paper identifies the dominant attributes of traveller preferences and then devises an approach to increase the use of public transport and reduce the agency problem.
Abstract:In travel demand models, traditional objective attributes (TOAs) are very commonly used as explanatory variables. Nowadays, it is understood that latent variables (LVs) also significantly influence travellers' behaviour. A hybrid choice modelling approach allows LVs in mode choice utility functions to be addressed. Specifically, a hybrid random parameter logit (HRPL) model has been developed to explore these influences. In this study, a traditional RPL (TRPL) model is compared with an HRPL model. For the later model, a two-step approach (also known as sequential approach) is implemented to incorporate LVs in choice models.Step 1 is the estimation of a MIMIC (multiple indicators and multiple causes) model; a type of regression model with a latent dependent variable(s).Step 2 is the estimation of a choice model with random parameters; information from the first step is incorporated in the second step. The paper analyses and compares the results of applying these models to a real urban case study using two datasets: 2008/09 and 2010/11 household travel survey (HTS) of Sydney Statistical Division (SSD), and also evaluates the predicted changes of mode choice probabilities based on hypothetical scenarios. Our results show that the HRPL model is superior to TRPL models that ignore the effect of LVs on traveller choice. The minimal changes in the parameter coefficients between the two datasets for each model suggest that the changes in traveller choice behaviour are gradual. Three hypothetical scenarios are simulated to forecast the changes that would be relevant to transport policy responses.
Saudi Arabia intends to reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 278 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent annually by 2030, according to its Nationally Determined Contribution to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Among many policies it is introducing, a mass transit system and transit-oriented development are being advanced with the expectation of reducing energy consumption and GHG emissions in Riyadh. To what extent such an initiative can reduce energy consumption and GHG emissions is an important question. In this paper, a methodology is developed to systematically measure the impact of mass transit and transit-oriented development in Riyadh on energy demand.
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