ECG is very important for diagnosis of cardiac disorders but most ECG equipment come from developed countries with very costly procurement and maintenance. Therefore, unless the technology is developed indigenously, common people in countries like Bangladesh will not get the benefits of modern healthcare technology. With the advent of personal computers (PC) at low cost, a PC based ECG equipment is also worth developing since many people already own a PC, thereby reducing the overall cost. With this view a PC based ECG equipment was designed and developed from the basics. An attempt was made to utilize maximum components and spares available in the local market. The main unit is based on a low cost but quality instrumentation amplifier IC with high common mode rejection ratio. Active filters were designed using common operational amplifier ICs. Right leg drive circuitry to reduce 50Hz noise of mains ac was kept as an option. Analog signal switching circuitry was used to obtain 12 Lead configurations, which were programme controlled, through graphical user interface. To achieve electrical isolation between patient and the mains ac, an analogue optical isolation circuit was designed and developed. Finally the analogue signal was converted to digital data and interfaced to a personal computer through its USB port using a microcontroller. The required power is obtained by USB port 5V supply. A medical grade isolated dc to dc converter was designed to power the patient side circuitry. Proper patient safety issues were followed in the design. Calibration was performed to make the equipment as accurate as possible. Outputs from several subjects were compared with that of reliable commercial equipment and were found to be satisfactory by cardiac experts.
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Telemedicine offers a solution for providing expert medical care to rural people in the Third World. However, indigenous development of necessary equipment is essential for affordability to a large number of centres in the country and for sustained service. The present work reports indigenous development of five items of equipment and necessary software for a microcomputer based telemedicine system in Bangladesh rural health complexes established by the Government. The items are: Stethoscope, X-ray viewbox, Microscope, 12 lead diagnostic ECG and Colposcope, and all data can be sent in real time. If the system succeeds it will be a model for the Third World countries.
Braille, a tactile writing system, is used by visually impaired and partially sighted people for reading and writing in everyday life. Visually impaired persons in Bangladesh are deprived of basic education due to inadequate textbooks and sufficient reading materials written in Bangla Braille. This is widening the knowledge gap and disparity within the society with progress of time. In order to improve this scenario, an automated information system for facilitating machine translation of Bangla text to readable and recognizable Braille code is essential. In this book chapter, a detailed research on Bangla Braille has been accomplished and necessary grammatical rules as well as conventions are identified for rule-based Bangla Braille translation. Through the analysis of investigations, a computational model is proposed using Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA) for the machine translation. The proposed DFA demonstrated very acceptable conversion, which is validated by the visually impaired community. Based on the computational model, another software architecture is also proposed for the implementation of machine translation of Bangla to Braille using open source technology. The translator is tested with Bangla Unicode-based text contents, and the generated Braille code is validated after printing in the Braille printer. The performance of the conversion of Bangla to Braille code has been found accurate and also free from grammatical errors.
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