The environmental repercussions of extensive carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions on the environment are crucial for policymakers and scholars. The repercussions of and connection between economic growth (ECG), tourism (TOUR), and foreign direct investment (FDI) on CO2 emission mitigation have been measured and argued from empirical and theoretical perspectives by scholars. Notwithstanding, the extant body of knowledge has failed to incorporate and investigate the function of governance in decarbonizing tourism activities and FDI from CO2 emissions to attain a healthy and quality environment in Africa. Hence, this current research investigates governance’s role in the reduction processes of CO2 emissions grounded in environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) conceptual assumptions for panel data spanning 2000 through 2020 for 27 African countries. This research utilized the Westerlund panel cointegration approach for the investigation of the cointegration of the selected variables. This study applied the Driscoll–Kraay regression approach for the long-term estimation. In addition, the dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) and the pooled mean group (PMG) were used for robustness checks. The findings of this research indicated that the governance (GOV) indicators employed have a statistically significant effect on the CO2 emission reduction. Besides, this study found that the appreciation of the income of the nations gives credence to the formation of the EKC theory and contributes to the decline in CO2 emissions within the selected African nations. The findings revealed that tourism, FDI, ECG, and GOV are positive and significant factors leading to increased CO2 emissions in Africa. Furthermore, the results showed that effective governance and control of FDI inflows and tourism activities can support decarbonization. These findings suggest the merits of governance in ensuring effective decarbonization policies of the environment, and policy suggestions are accordingly put forward.

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The relationship between battery electric vehicles (BEV) and carbon dioxide emission (CO 2 ) has significant environmental outcomes. Notwithstanding, battery electric vehicles have not been extensively explored through econometric approach. For countries to meet their net zero targets, it is crucial to consider the role of battery electric vehicles, renewable energy consumption, and CO 2 . As a result, it is critical to scrutinize a variety of variables that contribute to a sustainable future. This study therefore examines the dynamic correlation between BEV, gross domestic product (GDP), urbanization (URB), renewable energy consumption (REC), population (POP), and CO 2 in five leading countries (the United States of America (USA), China, France, Germany, and Norway) using panel data from 2010 to 2020. The study adopted the Westerlund cointegration method to ascertain the long-term nexus among the series. The cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag CS-ARDL technique is adopted to evaluate the variables long-run elasticity. The study applied the common correlated effect mean group (CCEMG) and augmented mean group (AMG) approach to ascertain the robustness of the long-run relationships among the variables. Dumitrescu and Hurlin’s panel causality analysis determines the extent of the significant causality linkage. The results demonstrate that increased economic growth, urbanization, and population growth accelerate carbon emissions and environmental depletion. However, BEVs were found to be more energy efficient and the adoption of renewable energy through the manufacturing and battery production process would reduce CO 2 emission especially in China and the USA. Finally, the research proposed several policy implications for policy and decision-makers in the five leading countries for combating climate change and increasing productivity in the electric vehicle market and renewable energy consumption.