An investigation on the role of electric vehicles in alleviating environmental pollution: evidence from five leading economies

Abstract

The relationship between battery electric vehicles (BEV) and carbon dioxide emission (CO 2 ) has significant environmental outcomes. Notwithstanding, battery electric vehicles have not been extensively explored through econometric approach. For countries to meet their net zero targets, it is crucial to consider the role of battery electric vehicles, renewable energy consumption, and CO 2 . As a result, it is critical to scrutinize a variety of variables that contribute to a sustainable future. This study therefore examines the dynamic correlation between BEV, gross domestic product (GDP), urbanization (URB), renewable energy consumption (REC), population (POP), and CO 2 in five leading countries (the United States of America (USA), China, France, Germany, and Norway) using panel data from 2010 to 2020. The study adopted the Westerlund cointegration method to ascertain the long-term nexus among the series. The cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag CS-ARDL technique is adopted to evaluate the variables long-run elasticity. The study applied the common correlated effect mean group (CCEMG) and augmented mean group (AMG) approach to ascertain the robustness of the long-run relationships among the variables. Dumitrescu and Hurlin’s panel causality analysis determines the extent of the significant causality linkage. The results demonstrate that increased economic growth, urbanization, and population growth accelerate carbon emissions and environmental depletion. However, BEVs were found to be more energy efficient and the adoption of renewable energy through the manufacturing and battery production process would reduce CO 2 emission especially in China and the USA. Finally, the research proposed several policy implications for policy and decision-makers in the five leading countries for combating climate change and increasing productivity in the electric vehicle market and renewable energy consumption.

Assessment of Stormwater Quality in the Context of Traffic Congestion: A Case Study in Egypt

“…The ability of electric vehicles to help improve air quality in cities and towns is their main advantage. Sun et al [65] concluded that employing renewable energy during the manufacturing and battery production process would reduce CO 2 emissions, particularly in China and the USA. Battery electric vehicles were shown to be more energy-efficient.…”

Air pollution and life expectancy: New evidence from the MINT economies

“…Such that Equation (1) outlines the mathematical function of the connection between economic development (ECD), human capital (HUC), air pollution (AIP), renewable energy consumption (REC), natural resource (NRR), and Life expectancy (LEX). As suggested by prior studies, representing the variables in their logarithm forms helps to overcome heteroscedasticity and helps produce accurate estimates among the panel data set [ 22 , 61 ]. To overcome challenges with small data observation, the study used the quadratic match-sum method to adjust the yearly frequency data to logarithm form.…”

“…Lastly, in Indonesia, the research by Ref. [ 61 ] revealed that the average Indonesia can anticipate losing 2.5 years of LEX at the recent pollution levels because the air quality fails to meet the WHO guideline for a concentration of delicate particulate matter. The discussion so far has provided an overview of the effect of air pollution on LEX among all the MINT nations.…”

“…Moreover, the AMG and CCE-MG tend to generate accurate estimations. With panel data, these techniques also handle the problems of serial correlation, autocorrelation, and unobserved heterogeneity [ 61 , 90 ].…”

A step towards food security: The effect of carbon emission and the moderating influence of human capital. Evidence from Anglophone countries

“…CS-ARDL allows researchers to capture dynamic interactions between variables, making it particularly useful for forecasting and policy analysis. Furthermore, it addresses issues of endogeneity and non-stationarity, common challenges in empirical research, by applying a differencing approach and providing robust coefficient estimates [ 97 , 98 ]. Additionally, CS-ARDL is versatile in handling various data types, making it applicable in various fields, from economics to finance and environmental studies.…”