PTB is as effective as standard sutures for wound closure in porcine skin in terms of cosmetic outcomes and safety.

1 In this paper we have determined the different signalling pathways involved in muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR)-dependent inhibition of contractility in rat isolated atria. 2 Carbachol stimulation of M2 muscarinic AChRs exerts a negative inotropic response, activation of phosphoinositide turnover, stimulation of nitric oxide synthase and increased production of cyclic GMP. 3 Inhibitors of phospholipase C, protein kinase C, calcium/calmodulin, nitric oxide synthase and guanylate cyclase, shifted the dose-response curve of carbachol on contractility to the right. These inhibitors also attenuated the muscarinic receptor-dependent increase in cyclic GMP and activation of nitric oxide synthase. In addition, sodium nitroprusside, isosorbide, or 8-bromo cyclic GMP, induced a negative inotropic effect, increased cyclic GMP and activated nitric oxide synthase. 4 These results suggest that carbachol activation of M2 AChRs, exerts a negative inotropic effect associated with increased production of nitric oxide and cyclic GMP. The mechanism appears to occur secondarily to stimulation of phosphoinositides turnover via phospholipase C activation. This in turn, triggers cascade reactions involving calcium/calmodulin and protein kinase C, leading to activation of nitric oxide synthase and soluble guanylate cyclase.

OBJECTIVE: Tyrosinase is the rate-limiting enzyme in melanogenesis. Thiamidol is the most potent inhibitor of human tyrosinase out of 50 000 tested compounds. In clinical studies, it was shown to improve facial hyperpigmentation, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and age spots significantly. To identify the optimal number of daily Thiamidol applications, we conducted a split-face study comparing the efficacy and tolerability of four-times with two-times daily application. Subsequently, we evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of a typical face care regimen containing Thiamidol in a real-world study. METHODS: The split-face study was double-blind, randomized, controlled, including two Thiamidol containing products (serum and day care SPF 30). The serum was applied twice daily on one half of the face and the day care SPF30 twice-daily on the whole face. The real-world study was open-label, observational, including three Thiamidol containing products (day care SPF 30 in the morning, serum and night care in the evening). In both studies, subjects with mild-to-moderate facial hyperpigmentation applied the products over 12 weeks. Assessments included clinical and subjective grading of hyperpigmentation, skin condition, hemi-/modified MASI, chromameter and clinical photography. RESULTS: In the split-face study (n = 34), hyperpigmentation, skin roughness and hMASI improved all significantly (P < 0.001) versus baseline, with first visible results after two weeks of twice-daily application. The four-times daily application led to significant improvement versus the two-times daily application. In the real-world study (n = 83), all evaluated parameters, including skin condition and chromametry (n = 30), improved significantly (P < 0.001) in comparison with baseline and the corresponding preceding visits. The subjects judged the cosmetic properties of the products positively. In both studies, the products were well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Four-times daily Thiamidol improves facial hyperpigmentation significantly more than two-times daily and is well tolerated by the subjects. The real-world study with a typical face care regimen containing Thiamidol shows improvement of facial hyperpigmentation and confirms tolerability. Furthermore, the data provide evidence for the suitability of this three-product Thiamidol regimen for day-today life.

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Infra-red lasers may constitute a safe and effective treatment for cellulite and high-frequency ultrasound imaging provides a quantitative and objective measurement of the treatment efficacy.

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