Biological invasions are one of the main threats to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in the Anthropocene. Fleshy-fruited invasive plants establish mutualistic interactions with native seed dispersers and may affect the mutualisms between native partners, negatively by disrupting plant dispersal through competition for seed dispersers or positively by facilitating seed dispersal via the attraction of fruit-eating animals. Moreover, the invaders' density in the neighborhood of native plants may modulate the direction and/or magnitude of such effects on natives. In mountains of central Argentina, the cessation of fruiting of the dominant native tree Lithraea molleoides overlaps with the beginning of the fruiting of invasive shrubs (Pyracantha spp.). This partial overlap allows for testing opposite predictions regarding the effect of invasive fruits on native seed dispersal. We compared frugivory by seed disperser birds on L. molleoides during non-overlapping and overlapping periods, at six sites that differed in Pyracantha shrub density (high, low and no-invasion). We counted frugivory during 2 h on 15 individuals of L. molleoides at each site and period, totaling 360 h of observation. Frugivory on the native tree was similar among sites during the non-overlapping period and remained constant in both periods at non-invaded sites. At invaded sites, frugivory increased from non-overlapping to overlapping period and was greater at highly invaded sites. The resource provided by Pyracantha did not disrupt seed dispersal of the dominant native tree. Rather, it facilitated frugivory by seed dispersers and this effect may be exacerbated with higher fruit availability of invasives. Our results provide a counterview to the prevailingly negative impacts of invasive species on the seed dispersal of native species since the fruiting of invasive plants facilitated the seed dispersal of native species in a continental region contrasts with the mutualism disruption commonly observed in insular environments.
Nuevo registro del huroncito patagónico (Lyncodon patagonicus, Carnivora: Mustelidae) para el centro de Argentina y aportes sobre su historia natural ä Resumen -El huroncito patagónico (Lyncodon patagonicus) habita regiones áridas y semiáridas de Argentina y Chile. La mayor cantidad de referencias proviene de registros antiguos, existiendo escasas observaciones recientes. Si bien la especie es conocida desde hace más de un siglo y posee una amplia distribución, el conocimiento sobre su historia natural es limitado. En este trabajo se da a conocer una nueva localidad para esta especie en base a un ejemplar observado y fotografiado en la Reserva Natural Chancaní, provincia de Córdoba, Argentina. Además aportamos información sobre su historia natural, ya que el individuo fue visto durante el día, alimentándose de un ejemplar de Ctenomys sp. Por lo tanto, confirmamos la presencia del huroncito patagónico en la provincia de Córdoba, cuyo registro más fehaciente data del Pleistoceno Tardío.Palabras clave: Alimentación, Argentina, distribución, Reserva Chancaní.ä Abstract -The Patagonian weasel (Lyncodon patagonicus) inhabits arid and semiarid regions of Argentina and Chile. Most references come from ancient records, recent observations are scarce. Although the species has been known for more than a century and has a wide distribution, knowledge about its natural history is limited. In this work, a new locality is documented for this species, based on a single specimen observed and photographed at Chancaní Natural Reserve, Córdoba Province, Argentina. It also provides information about its natural history, since the individual was seen feeding on a specimen of Ctenomys sp. during the day. Therefore, we confirm the presence of the Patagonian Weasel in the province of Córdoba, whose most reliable record of the species comes from Late Pleistocene.
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