Commercial availability of a generic zilpaterol HCl (ZH) premix preparation for beef cattle in Mexico motivated a non-inferiority trial vs the reference preparation. The trial was conducted on zebu-type cattle (Bos indicus) under humid tropical conditions. Meat production and basic meat quality were assessed for 810 zebu bulls, aged 18-22 months and weighing 430 to 490 kg. Bulls were randomly assigned into one of three groups: ZHg, treated with the generic ZH (Zipamix®) preparation; ZHr, treated with the reference ZH (Zilmax®) preparation, and Cg, the untreated control group. Housing, shade surface, feeding and water availability were highly homogeneous between the animals' pens. Results for the measured productive and meat quality parameters showed that both ZH-treated groups had higher values than the Cg (P < 0.05), and differences between the ZHg and ZHr groups were not statistically significant, thus fulfilling the criteria of a non-inferior ZH preparation. In this assay, ZH supplementation did not modify the amounts of moisture, fat, protein or ash in the Longissimus dorsi muscle compared with the meat from non-supplemented animals, and the overall meat acceptability was unaffected (P > 0.05).
Benzylpenicillin-G (BP-G) is one of human and veterinary medicine’s most widely used antibacterial drugs. It represents a large market for the Pharmaceutical Industry, and various combinations with frail pharmacological support have been made available to veterinarians. The crystalline sodium and potassium salts of BP-G and the benzathine salt of BP-G have been incorporated into many existing preparations, arguing that higher and more prolonged concentrations are obtained. However, there are not evidence published. Notwithstanding the above, these preparations are presented as sustained-release ones and capable of achieving therapeutic concentrations. There are no pharmacokinetic bases for such combinations of BP-G derivatives. It is unlikely that such combinations provide better serum profiles than those offered by an adequate dose of only procaine BP-G. The incorporation of the BP-G benzathine is prohibited in many countries. In Latin America, such combinations limit the amount of procaine BP-G that should be injected, ideally ≥ 20 000 IU/kg of body weight every 12-24 h. Within the framework of the rational use of antimicrobial drugs in veterinary medicine advanced by the World Health Organization (WHO) and based on pharmacological considerations, it is proposed that combinations of BP-G derivatives be restricted, allowing only BP-G procaine preparations. Also, formulations of BP-G incorporating other active principles should offer solid pharmacological support. To date, combined preparations of BP-G have shown no formal pharmacological support. Based on the information presented in this review, it is feasible to conclude that the only BP-G derivative that should be available for veterinary medicine is procaine BP-G.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.