<p><span lang="EN-GB">Deteksi Covid-19 merupakan tahapan penting untuk mengenali secara dini pasien terduga Covid-19 sehingga dapat dilakukan langkah lanjutan. Salah satu cara pendeteksian adalah melalui citra sinar-x paru. Namun demikian, selain dibutuhkan suatu model algoritma yang dapat menghasilkan akurasi tinggi, komputasi yang ringan merupakan hal yang dibutuhkan sehingga dapat diaplikasikan dalam alat pendeteksi. Model deep CNN dapat melakukan deteksi dengan akurat namun cenderung memerlukan penggunaan memori yang besar. CNN dengan parameter yang lebih sedikit dapat menghemat <em>storage </em></span><span lang="EN-GB">maupun penggunaan memori sehingga dapat berproses secara real time baik berupa alat pendeteksi maupun sistem pengambilan keputusan via <em>cloud</em>. Selain itu, CNN dengan parameter yang lebih kecil juga dapat untuk diaplikasikan pada FPGA dan perangkat keras lainnya yang mempunyai kapasitas memori terbatas. Untuk menghasilkan deteksi COVID-19 pada citra sinar-x paru yang akurat namun komputasinya juga ringan, kami mengusulkan arsitektur CNN kecil namun handal </span><span lang="EN-GB">dengan menggunakan teknik pertukaran <em>channel</em> yang disebut ShuffleNet. Dalam penelitian ini, kami menguji dan membandingkan kemampuan ShuffleNet, EfficientNet, dan ResNet50 karena mempunyai jumlah parameter yang lebih kecil dibanding CNN pada umumnya seperti VGGNet atau FullConv yang menggunakan lapisan konvolusi secara penuh namun mempunyai kemampuan deteksi yang mumpuni. Kami menggunakan 1125 citra sinar-x dan mencapai akurasi 86.93 % dengan jumlah parameter model yang 18.55 kali lebih sedikit dari EfficientNet dan 22.36 kali lebih sedikit dari ResNet50 untuk mendeteksi 3 kategori yaitu Covid-19, Pneumonia, dan normal melalui uji 5-<em>fold crossvalidation</em>. Memori yang diperlukan oleh masing-masing arsitektur CNN tersebut untuk melakukan sekali deteksi berhubungan secara linier dengan jumlah parameternya dimana ShuffleNet hanya memerlukan memori GPU sebesar 0.646 GB atau 0.43 kali dari ResNet50,  0.2 kali dari EfficientNet, dan 0.53 kali dari FullConv. Lebih lanjut, ShuffleNet melakukan deteksi paling cepat yaitu sebesar 0.0027 detik.</span></p><p><span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></p><p><em><strong><span lang="EN-GB">Abstract</span></strong></em></p><p><em>Covid-19 detection is an important step in identifying early patients with suspected Covid-19 so that further steps can be taken. One way of detection is through pulmonary x-ray images. However, besides requiring an algorithm model that can produce high accuracy, lightweight computation is needed so that it can be applied in a detector. The deep CNN model can detect accurately but tends to require large memory usage. CNN with fewer parameters can save storage and memory usage so that it can process in real time both in the form of detection devices and decision-making systems via the cloud. In addition, CNN with smaller parameters can also be applied to FPGA and other hardware that have limited memory capacity. To produce accurate COVID-19 detection on x-ray images with lightweight computation, we propose a small but reliable CNN architecture using a channel shuffle technique called ShuffleNet. In this study, we tested and compared the capabilities of ShuffleNet, EfficientNet, and ResNet because they have a smaller number of parameters than usual deep CNN, such as VGGNet or FullConv which uses a full convolution layers with a robust detection capability. We used 1125 x-ray images and achieved an accuracy of 86.93% with a number of model parameters of 18.55 times less than EfficientNet and 22.36 times less than ResNet50 to detect 3 categories namely Covid-19, Pneumonia, and normal through the 5-fold cross validation. The memory required by each CNN architecture to perform one detection is linearly related to the number of parameters where ShuffleNet only requires GPU memory of 0.646 GB or 0.43 times that of ResNet50, 0.2 times of EfficientNet, and 0.53 times of FullConv. Furthermore, ShuffleNet performs the fastest detection at 0.0027 seconds. </em></p><p><em><strong><span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></strong></em></p>

AbstrakSistem inferensi fuzzy bisa digunakan untuk diagnosis penyakit pada sapi potong. Untuk mendapatkan akurasi yang tinggi maka batasan fungsi keanggotaan fuzzy perlu ditentukan secara tepat. Penggunaan metode logika fuzzy untuk memperoleh hasil diagnosis penyakit pada sapi potong sesuai pakar berdasarkan batasan gejala penyakit dan aturan-aturan yang diperoleh dari pakar. Batasan tersebut bisa diperbaiki menggunakan Algoritma Genetika untuk mendapatkan akurasi yang lebih baik. Pengujian yang dilakukan pada 51 data dari beberapa gejala penyakit menghasilkan akurasi sebesar 98,04% dengan menggunakan parameter genetika terbaik antara lain ukuran populasi sebesar 80, ukuran generasi sebesar 15, nilai Crossover rate (Cr) sebesar 0,9, dan nilai Mutation rate (Mr) sebesar 0,06. Akurasi tersebut mengalami peningkatan sebesar 3,54% sesudah dilakukannya optimasi pada metode logika fuzzy.

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A supply chain process in manufacturing industries involves a distribution process that ensures finished goods distribute to their customers properly. The process may involve several parties such as manufacturing plans, distributions centres, and retailers. To maximize profit, the companies need to optimize the distribution process by minimizing costs. The multi-stage distribution problem contains several constrains so obtaining optimum solution using exact methods may require excessive processing time. Genetic algorithm is proposed the solve the complex problem. The genetic algorithm is improved by modifying chromosome representation and related genetic reproduction operators. The new chromosome is designed to address different number of distribution stages in manufacturing industries. Thus, the proposed approach could be applied for various distribution problems. Several genetic operators are tested to obtain the most suitable reproduction operator for the multi-stage distribution process. The numerical experiments prove that the improved genetic algorithm is suitable for the optimization of the multistage distribution process and produce better result compare to those achieved by original genetic algorithm, simulated annealing, and random search as baseline method. The improved genetic algorithm produces solution with cost of Rp 20,167.8, lower than cost of Rp 21,860.4, Rp 23,354.30 and Rp 34,328.0 obtained by original genetic algorithm, simulated annealing, and random search, respectively.

The spread of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) disease in a human population is one of the phenomena that can be mathematically modeled. The exposed period of SARS disease underlies the formation of the SVEIR epidemic model which is a modification of the SVIR epidemic model by adding subpopulation E (exposed). In the SVEIR model, there are two control variables in the form of vaccination and treatment which aimed to minimize exposed subpopulation, infected subpopulation, and control implementation cost. The Pontryagin's minimum principle is used to obtain optimal control and system, thus minimizing objective functional as the objective to be achieved. Furthermore, the forward-backward sweep method is used for numerical simulation in order to determine the most appropriate control strategy in a finite time. The simulation results show that implementation of both vaccination and treatment is the most effective decision making to control the spread of SARS disease.

In this paper, we discuss an optimal control on the spread of SLBS computer virus model. Control strategy by installing antivirus on each subpopulation aims to minimize the number of infective computers (latent and breakingout) and the cost associated with the control. Optimal system condition is determined by using Pontryagin principle and is solved numerically by using Forward-Backward Sweep method in combination with the fourth order Runge-Kutta method. Our numerical simulations show that the strategy by installing antivirus on susceptible computers as preventive give a great influence on suppressing the spread of computer viruses.

The spatial autocorrelation measurement of land prices uses a covariance function to describe the spatial dependence and it can be identified as a geographic distance on the correlogram. The geographic distance of spatial dependence can state that land prices are interdependent to each other and scattered in the research area. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to define the geographic distance of spatial dependence on land prices using a nonparametric correlogram. A nonparametric approach to covariance functions using the composition of Bessel and Gaussian-type functions are adopted because they correspond to the positive definite characteristics. The cubic spline interpolation is used to refine the curve fitting, while the intersection between the nonparametric correlogram value C(h) against the horizontal axis is determined using the Jenkins Traub algorithm. The results showed that the nonparametric correlogram identified a geographic distance of land prices smaller than the correlogram used so far. A small distance means that the land price in a location is greatly affected by the neighbors compared to a larger distance.