National character education aims to form a strong, competitive, moral, tolerant nation, mutual cooperation, patriotic spirit, dynamic development, knowledge and technology oriented all of which are inspired by faith and piety to the Almighty God as in aspiring to the Pancasila philosophy. Character education is an important issue in the world of education related to the phenomenon of moral decadence that occurs in the community as well as in an increasingly diverse and diverse government environment. Crime, injustice, corruption, violence against children, violation of human rights, are evidence that there has been a crisis of identity and characteristics of the Indonesian nation. The values of politeness, and religiosity that are upheld and become the culture of the Indonesian nation as long as it seems to be weak and feels foreign along with the entry of global cultural values (global culture of the era), so that it is rarely encountered in the midst of society. Islamic education is a strategic answer in realizing the formation of national character from the family (informal), institutional institutions (formal) and learning groups in the community (non-formal), which is the main capital in the formation of national character.
The teaching and learning process is a very important activity and must be carried out even though the situation is not possible in schools amid the Covid-19 pandemic as it is today. So this study aims to analyze learning difficulties, distance learning, and analysis of student learning difficulties in PJJ amid the Covid-19 pandemic. This research uses a qualitative approach to the type of case studies, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The results of the study show First, learning difficulties in students can be experienced due to disruption in him both from within and outside himself. This condition can also occur amid the Covid-19 pandemic. In the end, through various appeals from several parties, students were asked to carry out their learning activities in their respective homes. Second, with the appeals and suggestions of students studying at home, then Distance Learning (PJJ) becomes an alternative learning activity for students in order to break the corona virus transmission chain. Third, during the Covid-19 pandemic with PJJ students faced problems accessing internet devices and quotas, thus the government and all education administrators to provide internet quota subsidies, emergency curricula, and develop effective learning strategies for communities affected by Covid-19.
<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p>Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisas penyelesaian sengketa hukum terhadap pemegang sertifikat hak milik. Sertifikat ganda atau tumpang tindih atas satu bidang tanah yang sama, maka salah satu harus dibatalkan. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya sertifikat ganda, penyelesaian kasus sertifikat ganda yang terjadi serta upaya-upaya yang dilakukan untuk mencegah terjadinya sertifikat ganda. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normativf. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadinya sertifikat ganda disebabkan beberapa faktor, yaitu adanya itikad tidak baik dari pemohon sertifikat, adanya kesalahan dari pihak Kantor Pertanahan yaitu dalam hal pengumpulan dan pengolahan data fisik dan data yuridis tanah, belum tersedianya peta pendaftaran tanah secara menyeluruh, dan karena domisili pihak yang berkepentingan berada di luar kota. Penyelesaian sengketa pertanahan dapat diselesaikan dengan cara musyawarah oleh para pihak dan melalui peradilan. Pada sisi lain perlu adanya ketentuan hukum acara khusus baik melalui musyawarah atau mediasi di BPN dan pengadilan apabila terjadi penyelesaian sengketa melalui litigasi.</p>
Cognitive psychology is a psychological process that involves human knowledge. Islam has a unique view of humans from the cognitive realm, which contains God's instructions about the creation of humans. The study of human nature expressed or implied and offers problem-solving for the problems of human life. This research is a qualitative study. Data was collected through the literature review of Cognitive Psychology from an Islamic perspective. The research was conduct by collecting document studies from different research results, observations and interviews. Cognitive psychology in Islam does not only focus on the brain because the thought process also includes feelings, passions, and conscience. The study of cognitive psychology from an Islamic perspective presents the method of Islamization of knowledge and an effort to explore aspects of cognitive psychology in Islam. The Islamic perspective of cognitive psychology provides an alternative to the criticism of modern psychology, which breaks away from religious values.
Observers of Indonesia’s foreign policy commonly argue that while the state needs to include domestic Muslim interests in its foreign policy formulation, foreign policy officials have rarely considered Islam in their policy choices, with a dual-identity predicament constraining such a move. This article challenges this argument by demonstrating that foreign policy leaders have begun referring to Islamic identity and norms when justifying Indonesia’s foreign policy choices. By discussing Indonesia’s foreign policy responses to the United States’ war in Afghanistan in 2001, this paper elucidates the way in which Indonesia’s foreign policy leaders have constructed Islam as an “inclusive civilizational” identity in their foreign policy discourse, legitimizing their alliance with the global war on terrorism amid staunch domestic Muslim opposition to the war. They managed to turn identity constraint into opportunity by framing their policies within the context of “inclusive” and “integrative” Islamic values and norms.
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