This study aimed to investigate the influence of spiritual leadership on innovative work behavior and the effect of knowledge sharing on job crafting. Furthermore, the roles of knowledge sharing as a mediator for the impact of spiritual leadership on innovative work behavior, and job crafting as a mediator for the relationship between variables, were also examined. This research employed quantitative analysis, including the PLS-SEM approach; SMART-PLS, a measurement and structural equation model was employed to explain the relationship between variables, and the effect of mediation. The population study consisted of all lecturers at the Faculty of Economics and Faculty of Economics and Business at the PTKIN in East Java, Indonesia, comprising 220 randomly-selected samples. The result showed spiritual leadership does not directly influence innovative work behavior, while knowledge sharing directly affects job crafting. The findings indicated knowledge sharing mediates the impact of spiritual leadership on innovative work behavior, and the role of job crafting as a mediator for the relationship between variables was accepted. Therefore, this research confirms a positive influence of knowledge sharing on job crafting, and indicates both factors play an important role in mediating between variables, and are important for lecturers' innovative work behavior.

Specifically, this study aims to examine the effect of macroeconomic indicators namely government spending, inflation and trade balance on PDB. The observation period from 1981-2017 is based on International Monetary Fund (IMF) documentation. Data analysis using the Error Correction Model (ECM). The results of the study: (1) in the short term and long term government spending significantly influence PDB; (2) in the short-run and long-run inflation affects PDB in the opposite way; (3) in the short term PDB is not affected by the trade balance, whereas in the long run the trade balance variable also has no effect on PDB with a negative slope and (4) the results of simultaneous tests of government expenditure, inflation, and the trade balance affect PDB.This is an open access article under the CC-BY-SA license.

Tujuan program ini memberikan dampingan literasi keungan kepada mitra dampingan yaitu usaha mikro yang diwakili oleh Penerbit Cahaya Abadi Tulungagung. Metode yang dipilih yaitu Program Penerapan Iptek kepada Masyarakat (PPIM) sebagaimana direkomendasikan oleh Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Kementerian Riset, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi. Pendekatan yang relevan dengan studi ini yaitu memberikan literasi keuangan syariah secara praktis kepada mitra dampingan berbasis Android. Hasil pendampingan menunjukkan bahwa pada periode bulan Desember 2018, ternyata Penerbit Cahaya Abadi Tulungagung mendapat keuntungan bersih setelah dikurangi zakat yaitu sebesar Rp 5.351.775,-. Walaupun proses produksi Penerbit Cahaya Abadi Tulungagung ini berdasarkan pesanan, namun demikian keuntungan di bulan Desember dapat memberikan gambaran bahwa sektor usaha mikro mampu menghidupi dirinya sendiri untuk mencapai kesejahteraan ekonominya.

Many developing countries attained high growth rates in different periods but income differences did not reduce significantly in these periods due to increase in income inequalities. Therefore, the key objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between income differences, trade and institutions in developing countries. This study has used panel data of the year 2000 to 2014 to explore the relationship between these variables. This study is based on sampling of two groups; 25 middle income countries and 24 low income countries. Pooled OLS, panel fixed effect and Driscoll and Kraay techniques were used in this study. The results showed the negative relations of imports, a significant role of political institutions and insignificant role of economic institutions in income distribution with GDP per capita among low income and middle-income countries. Moreover, the current study suggested that governments in developing countries should focus upon improving the performance of political and economic institutions in order to improve their prospects of getting investment opportunities.