Global Challenge Research Fund (GCRF) Blue Communities is a 4 year research and capacity building project for sustainable interactions with marine ecosystems for the benefit of the health, wellbeing, food security and livelihoods of coastal communities in East and South East Asia. Kepulauan Selayar (Selayar Islands), including Taka Bonerate as a Biosphere Reserve and part of the UNESCO’s Man and Biosphere (MAB) Network has been selected as a case study site for the GCRF Blue Communities project in Indonesia. A single case study approach with mixed methods are used to generate knowledge, identify knowledge gap, and triangulate findings. The ongoing research has collated up-to-date knowledge on: (1) current natural resources management strategy in place and what should be adopted in the future and (2) current and projected profile of energy demand-supply. In the next phases of delivery it will inform policy makers and implementers of the mechanisms to optimise sustainable livelihood strategies by: (1) accelerating positive contributions toward sustainable livelihood and (2) mitigating and preventing threats and pressures to sustainable livelihood. Finally it puts forwards strategic recommendations for decision making points which are evidenced-based and holistic, encompassing: (1) best practice policy for sustainable livelihood and (2) community empowerment and programme sustainability.
<em>Rice</em><em> </em><em>cultivation</em><em> in the second growing season in dry land at Gunungkidul Special Region of Yogyakarta requires additional irrigation and improvement of physical, chemical and biological soil properties. This study aimed to determine the role of organic fertilizer ameliorant on rice yields during second growing season in dry land. The research was conducted in Sambirejo Watusigar Ngawen Gunungkidul Special Region of Yogyakarta during second growing season from March to July 2019. The study used a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with 3 treatments in the form of no ameliorant, ameliorant of 2 tons ha<sup>-1</sup> and ameliorant 4 tons ha<sup>-1</sup>, with 5 replications. The results showed that the use of ameliorant 2 tons ha<sup>-1</sup> produced rice 5.64 ton ha<sup>-1</sup> and ameliorant 4 tons ha<sup>-1</sup> produced rice 6.04 ton ha<sup>-1</sup>, which was significantly higher than without ameliorant which only produced 5.29 ton ha<sup>-1</sup> of rice.</em>
Hydrogen production could be enhanced by increasing the potassium hydroxide (KOH) concentration, but higher KOH concentrations result in higher corrosion rates. Therefore, a deep investigation of the electrochemical behavior of stainless steel (SS 316L) in the KOH solution is needed. This study investigates the influence of KOH concentrations on the electrochemical behavior, surface morphology, structure, and sample phases of SS 316L. The investigations were conducted by some electrochemical techniques, UV-vis, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The corrosion rate was found to increase, and solution resistance to decrease with increasing KOH concentration. Samples tested in 5, 30, and 50 g l-1 of KOH showed corrosion rates of 0.457, 2.362, and 5.613 µm year-1, respectively. A wide passive region and the noblest pitting potential were noticed for the sample with 5 g l-1 of KOH. Moreover, Mott-Schottky plots and characteristic wavelengths of UV-Vis suggest the formation of iron and chromium oxides by the passivation of samples. The SEM analysis showed a dynamic change of surface morphology from the lowest to the highest concentration with the intergranular corrosion found at the grain boundaries area. In conclusion, concentrations < 50 g l-1 KOH could be recommended since they would support the optimum remaining life of SS 316 L plates in HHO generators.
Marine renewable energy holds strategic potential in Indonesia, not only to meet the target of renewable energy share in the national energy mix but also to provide equal access to clean energy throughout the archipelago. Marine energy in Indonesia is still in the early phase of development, which mainly focusses on resources assessment and power generation through technology prototype testing. Based on a review of available literature, it is found that specific research on the effects of biofouling on material durability of marine energy infrastructure in Indonesia has yet to be addressed. In this study, a matrix that identifies and predicts key fouling organisms and their possible risks on marine renewable energy infrastructure in tropical waters of Indonesia is developed by analysing previous findings in temperate and subtropical waters. Based on the matrix developed, calcareous polychaetes (Serpulidae), barnacles (Amphibalanus spp.), and bivalves (Perna viridis) are among possible key fouling organisms that might pose risks to marine energy infrastructure in Indonesia, such as by adding weight and drag and causing corrosion. Further studies and detailed and statistically robust analysis of the biofouling and its impacts are needed to support the development of the technological performance of marine renewable energy in Indonesia.
Abstract:The effect of solute Cu and Cu precipitates on the wear behavior of ferritic iron under an unlubricated condition was investigated. The specific wear rate of Cu-containing steel abruptly decreased up to 50 N of load, and then gradually decreased with further increased load. The specific wear rate of the as-quenched specimen, in which Cu was in a solid solution, was the lowest among all the specimens at low loads, and all specimens had almost the same specific wear rate at high loads. Subsurface observation showed that the hardness increments of all specimens decreased with increased depth below the worn surface. The as-quenched specimen had a relatively large depth of deformed region than the other specimens even though the increments in hardness were almost the same for all specimens at low loads. With the same hardness at an unworn state, the as-quenched and over-aged specimens exhibited a substantial increase in hardness and large deformed regions below the worn surfaces. This finding indicated that the enhancement in plastic deformation and work hardening led to the decrease in the specific wear rate of the as-quenched specimen at low loads and the improvement in the wear resistance of all specimens at high loads.
Bailey Bridge is a steel frame bridge that is generally used as a temporary emergency bridge. Although this type of bridge hasbeen widely used, one of them is at the location of the Pesaguan-Kendawangan Road, but there are still some obstacles in thesteel frame assembly process. Therefore, the researcher wants to make a comparison between the standard method ofimplementing the Bailey Bridge in the Temporary Bridge Technology book and the method implemented in the location. Thepurpose of this study was to determine the implementation method of bridge assembly at the location of Jalan PesaguanKendawangan and compare it with the standard method. The research was carried out using observation and interviewmethods with informants to obtain information about the assembly of the Bailey bridge at the location. The results ofobservations and interviews were analyzed by comparison with the standard Bailey Bridge. The data obtained shows thatthere are nine steps of implementing the assembly of Bailey Bridge components at the location of the PesaguanKendawangan Road Section, starting from the assembly of base plate components, panel components, panel post Icomponents, transom components, pin components, bracing components, raker components, panel post II components, andfinally the deck plate component. The comparison results show that 6 out of 10 bridge assembly parameters have met existingstandards.
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