Neuroto xicity tests in animals exposed to toxic substances could provide additional informat ion on possible neurotoxic effects. The aim o f this study is to determine the nephrotoxic effect of wastewater discharged fro m a carbonaceous industry on mice (Mus musculus). The present study examined the nephrotoxic effects of carbonaceous wastewater in mice, the mice were exposed to five different concentrations of the waste water. Cyclophosphomide was used as the positive control and distilled water was used as a negative control, for a period of 35das. Creatinine and urea concentration in seru m was used as kidney function. The weights of the animals were recorded weekly after which their kidneys were harvested. Organ weight was measured at post exposure and preserved afterwards for histology. The physical, chemical and heavy metal co mposition of the wastewater was also analysed. There was no significant (P>0.05) change in the kidney and body weight of the exposed mice or the negative control. The activities of urea and creatinine in the serum of exposed mice were significantly increased co mpared to the negative control mice and this increase was concentration dependent at P<0.05. The h istological lesions observed in the kidney showed generalised occlusion of the tubular lu men, general tubular necrosis, with protein casts in the tubular lumen and mu ltip le foci of haemorrhage in the parenchyma were observed. The results of the study showed that the observed nephrotoxic effect in the exposed mice may be caused by the presence of heavy metal and other physical and chemical substances present in the waste water. Th is suggests a higher risk to kidney damage in hu mans and other organisms exposed to this waste water and may also be deleterious to the surrounding environment.
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