Homecoming has been practiced by most Indonesians as a routine tradition that cherished every year. This interesting practice has developed rapidly as an impact of the integration of capitalist economic systems in the early 1970s. The tradition of homecoming in Indonesia mostly occurs at the moment of religious holidays. This phenomenon is considered an essential part of the celebration. As the largest Moslem population in the world, the most prominent homecoming activity in Indonesia mostly happens during Eid Mubarak Celebration. At this moment, not only Moslem but almost all the people in the country go back to their hometown. Every year, this tradition is getting bigger in numbers and giving more significant impacts on the country in terms of social and economics. Therefore, this study tries to describe the homecoming tradition for Indonesia, specifically seen from a socioeconomic perspective. As a qualitative content analysis study, this study analyses related works of literature, documentation, and publications relevant to the topic. The result is written descriptively by explaining the phenomena, discussing the impacts and proposing solutions. The results show that going home is proven to provide a substantial multiplier effect on the socioeconomic side. From social perspectives, homecoming means the fulfillment of primordial and emotional interests to strengthen the relationship between family and friends. On the other hand, this tradition also boosts the economic development of the regions, which is interpreted as Social Economic Perspectives of Homecoming Tradition: An Indonesian Context 47 equalization or circulation of money from urban to rural areas in the country.
According to UNWTO report, the international tourist arrivals reached 1.2 billion people in 2016. There was 5% growth in the developed countries and 2% growth in the developing countries, including Indonesia. In 2016, Indonesia welcomed 11.52 million international tourists. As the second biggest city in Indonesia, Surabaya has important roles for the country. Receiving around 564,000 international tourists in 2016, Surabaya had changed into a tourism destination. The development began in 2005 when Surabaya Tourism Promotion Board was set up to promote the city tourism. This board consists of private tourism business, such as hotels, restaurants, travel agents and tourist attraction operators. They are working together with other tourism stakeholders in Surabaya. This study aims to reveal the roles of private business in developing Surabaya as tourism destination. The study describes the activities done by private business to develop Surabaya, such as conducting promotional activities, developing products, initiating new programs and joining in international events. Moreover, they are actually helping their own business as well as supporting tourism destination development in Surabaya. This study shows that commitment, consistency, and collaboration among private business as the stakeholders are the keys to develop tourism destination in Surabaya.
For decades, the close link between pilgrims and tourists has been recognized by medieval scholars and tourism historians and has been the subject of further research in recent years. Pilgrimage has become a phenomenal thing and is growing quite rapidly because it is considered a crucial factor for many adherents of several major religions in the world. Pilgrimage and tourism have a very close relationship. This quantitative study investigates predictors of intention to partake in pilgrimage events in Indonesia. This study adopts the purposive sampling technique in collecting data from the respondents. A total of 189 respondents participated in filling out the online questionnaire. The findings of this study indicate that the four hypotheses proposed in this study are not entirely acceptable. Attitudes do not significantly affect the intention to partake in pilgrimage events. Behavioral beliefs on attitudes, motivation to comply with subjective norms, and subjective norms on intentions to partake in pilgrimage events are three hypotheses that have significant influence. Several recommendations for future research are also outlined at the end of this study. One of them recommends exploring more predictors to identify the intention to partake in pilgrimage events as a big potential to develop pilgrimage tourism in Indonesia further.
As one of the international tourist destinations in the world, Bali has been the landmark of tourism in Indonesia. Supported by excellent tourist facilities and infrastructure, Bali has become a very touristic place. This condition forces the Balinese to adapt with the new environment that may influence their daily life. The cultural richness of Bali has been the main focus of the Government to boost and maintain Bali as one of the world's top destinations. This has made the Balinese and its culture undergo modification in terms of performances, values and the way of life. This paper aims to identify the commodification of culture in Bali which is the result of the development of cultural tourism in Bali. Furthermore this paper reveals the cultural commodification from the perspectives of the tourists, the Balinese and the Government. The paper also discusses the social problems occur in Bali, the efforts to restore Balinese culture and the future of cultural tourism in Bali.
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