Today’s technology plays a crucial role in the effective use of environmental information. This includes geographic information systems and infrastructures. The purpose of this research is to identify the way in which the Polish spatial data infrastructure (PSDI) supports policies and activities that may have an impact on the environment in relation to one group of users, namely urban planners, and their tasks concerning environmental management. The study is based on a survey conducted in July and August, 2014. Moreover, the authors’ expert knowledge gained through urban development practice and the analysis of the environmental conservation regulations and spatial planning in Poland has been used to define the scope of environmental management in both spatial planning studies and spatial data sources. The research included assessment of data availability, infrastructure usability, and its impact on decision-making process. The results showed that the PSDI is valuable because it allows for the acquisition of data on environmental monitoring, agricultural and aquaculture facilities. It also has a positive impact on decision-making processes and improves numerous planners’ activities concerning both the inclusion of environmental indicators in spatial plans and the support of nature conservation and environmental management in the process of working on future land use. However, even though the infrastructure solves certain problems with data accessibility, further improvements might be proposed. The importance of the SDI in environmental management is noticeable and could be considered from many standpoints: Data, communities engaged in policy or decision-making concerning environmental issues, and data providers.
Abstract:As an invaluable source of knowledge about the past, cultural heritage may be an important element of the humanities research infrastructure, along with other elements, such as spatial references. Therefore, this paper attempts to provide an answer to the questions concerning the ways in which spatial information can contribute to the development of this infrastructure and the aspects of storytelling based on cultural resources that can be supported by such infrastructure. The objective of the methodology that was used was to combine the aspects that refer to spatial information and cultural items into a single, common issue, and to describe them in a formalized way with use of Unified Modeling Language (UML). As a result, the study presents a proposal of the Humanities Infrastructure Architecture based on spatially-oriented movable cultural items, taking into account their use in the context of interoperability, along with the concept of creating spatial databases that would include movable monuments. The authors also demonstrate that the ISO 19100 series of geographical information standards may be a source of interesting conceptual solutions that may be used in the process of the standardization of geographical information that was recorded in the descriptions of cultural heritage items in form of metadata and data structure descriptions.
Jednym z zagadnień, aktualnie nagłaśnianych w środkach masowego przekazu w Polsce, a odnoszącym się do planowania przestrzennego, jest zanieczyszczenie powietrza. Przy tworzeniu opracowań projektowych i prób włączenia, przez urbanistów i architektów, dedykowanych rozwiązań służących przeciwdziałaniu zanieczyszczeniom powietrza na każdym etapie prac bardzo ważnym zagadnieniem jest dobór i jakość danych. Czynności w ramach realizacji poszczególnych etapów prac mogą być mniej pracochłonne, a jednocześnie dokładniejsze, jeżeli rozważy się wykorzystanie takich rozwiązań, jak infrastruktura i systemy informacji przestrzennej. Celem artykułu jest analiza, na bazie doświadczeń zawodowych autorów prezentowanej publikacji, możliwości wykorzystania infrastruktury i systemów informacji przestrzennej jako źródeł danych oraz analiz na potrzeby prac projektowych prowadzonych przez polskich urbanistów i architektów, związanych z poprawą jakości powietrza. Celem szczegółowym jest przedstawienie, na podstawie przeglądu literatury, przykładów rozwiązań projektowych, które mogą służyć przeciwdziałaniu zanieczyszczeniom powietrza.
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