The paper presents results of numerical simulations and experimental investigations of a cyclone with a square inlet and different dimensions of a vortex finder. Investigations were conducted for five, different cyclone models. The main goal of the research was to determine the influence of cyclone vortex finder geometry (diameter, length) on key parameters for a cyclone operation, such as: gas flow pattern, gas velocity and pressure distribution, pressure drop and collection efficiency. The analysis of flow pattern inside the cyclone was carried out with the use of CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulations, verified using CTA (Constant Temperature Anemometry). Similarly, pressure distributions, pressure drop and collection efficiency for cyclones were determined numerically and with measurements. The study demonstrated that dimensions of the vortex finder have a significant effect on a cyclone performance. The numerical visualisations of flow showed some unfavorable and beneficial effects and phenomena that may occur in cyclones. Moreover, the smallest pressure drop (305 Pa) was predicted for the cyclone with a maximum diameter of the vortex finder (De = 0.105 m), the largest (358 Pa) when this diameter was the smallest (De = 0.075 m). The tests did not show any significant influence of the vortex finder length on the pressure drop in a cyclone. A different tendency was observed in the case of collection efficiency. The maximum value of this parameter (89.5%) was predicted for the cyclone with the shortest vortex finder (s = 0.060 m), minimum (85.5%) when the vortex finder was the longest (s = 0.220 m). In this case, however, tests did not show a significant impact of an outlet diameter on the collection efficiency. Results and conclusions presented in this paper can be practically used for design optimization of cyclone separators, and also to select their operating parameters.
Due to their specifics, municipal sewage treatment plants have highly specific location requirements. It is, without a doubt, a limitation in relation to the possibility of using these types of plants within an urban structure. On the other hand, in modern, intensively developing cities and the more and more intense incorporation of external areas into - sensu stricto - urban tissue, accessibility and a potentially attractive riverside location create new opportunities. They support new technological solutions that lessen the possible negative impact of such structures. The goal of this article is to highlight which characteristics related to location and other factors are responsible for the possibility of attractively incorporating sewage treatment plants into an urban structure, and which characteristics cause these structures to be excluded from opportunities enabling their wider spatial employment. Accessibility studies, as well as analyses of other elements will be performed using the comparative analysis method, focusing on a selection of examples of sewage treatment plants in large Polish cities. Conclusions about location conditions will be drawn on the basis of the study, which can serve to perform comparative analyses both in cases of sewage treatment plants in other cities, as well as other municipal technical infrastructure plants, whose location is dependent on their function.
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