The first purpose of the article and the underlying research is to identify trends in the development of the knowledge-intensive services (KIS) sector in selected EU countries and to create forecasts of its further growth. The second purpose is to recognize factors that may help or inhibit Poland from drawing upon the experiences of the analysed countries. Research Design & Methods: We use time-series trend forecasting. Forecasts of the development of the KIS sector in the EU are constructed basing on available time series (2008-2017) using the least square method (LSM). Findings: Knowledge-intensive services are developing with various speed in the EU countries, but an existence of a 'glass ceiling' in the context of a possible level of development can be noted. This 'glass ceiling' is situated on different levels for different groups of countries (higher for the most innovative ones, lower for others). While Poland is on the path of convergence with highly-developed EU countries in respect to the growth of knowledge-intensive services sector, several country-specific factors hinder its ability to enter the path of convergence with the innovation-leaders, thus most probably preventing it from ever reaching the highest 'glass ceiling.' Implications & Recommendations: The innovation policy should not only be oriented to support R&D activities but also support the development of KIS. Contribution & Value Added: The added value of the article lies in filling the gap in the literature concerning the analysed issue. The findings may serve as suggestions for creating innovation policy. Article type: research article
The second aim is to identify whether some of the subregions have significantly different level of the socioeconomic development in comparison to the others. Research Design & Methods: A composite index of development has been created. Hypotheses are verified through statistical analysis (including parametric tests). Findings: Sub-Saharan countries do not differ significantly in the socioeconomic development level. No sub-region has a significantly higher (or lower) level of development in comparison to the others. However, after eliminating Seychelles from the analysis (as an outlier value) East Africa proves to be significantly lower developed than the whole region and other sub-regions. Implications & Recommendations: The lack of significant differences in the level of the socioeconomic development in Sub-Saharan countries proves that analysing them as one group is justified. Contribution & Value Added: A new composite index of the socioeconomic development has been created to test the hypotheses. Article type: research paper
Gospodarka oparta na wiedzy, ze względu na jakościową zmianę pozycji wiedzy w procesach gospodarczych i jej obecnie główną rolę odgrywaną w tych procesach, jest uważana za nowy paradygmat rozwoju. Zasadniczym celem artykułu jest przedstawienie koncepcji gospodarki opartej na wiedzy w kontekście jej budowy w krajach Unii Europejskiej.Na podstawie analizy statystycznej i testów parametrycznych dowiedziono, że tzw. stare państwa członkowskie UE wydają więcej na B+R w stosunku do swojego PKB niż "nowe" państwa UE. Ponadto wykazano, że "stare" państwa UE charakteryzują się wyższym stopniem rozwoju gospodarki opartej na wiedzy, co zostało zmierzone za pomocą wskaźników KI oraz KEI. Negatywnie została zweryfikowana hipoteza zakładająca, że grupa państw UE o słabszym poziomie rozwoju GOW (a więc grupa "nowych" państw) charakteryzuje się większą intensywnością działań rządów skierowanych na produkcję i rozwój wiedzy, co wskazuje na względnie słabe postępy w zakresie budowy GOW w grupie "nowych" krajów UE.Słowa kluczowe: B+R, GERD, gospodarka oparta na wiedzy, innowacje, Unia Europejska. WprowadzenieNa przemiany zachodzące we współczesnej gospodarce wielki wpływ wywiera wiedza. Mówi się o jakościowej zmianie roli wiedzy w procesach gospodarczych. Zmianę tę można scharakteryzować, wskazując następujące tendencje:
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