ObjectivesThe morphology of the maxillary and mandibular alveolar cortex plays an important role in the planning of orthodontic treatment. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides a precise demonstration of anatomical structures. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to evaluate what influence the position of incisors and canines have on the dimensions of the cortical and spongious bone of the anterior mandibular alveolar process.Materials and methodsThe material consisted of 100 CBCT volumes (61 females and 39 males, aged 18–71 years) obtained by means of a Gendex GXCB-500 machine and analysed using i-CAT Vision and CorelDRAW 9 software. Several linear and angular measurements were taken of cortical and spongious mandibular, vestibular and lingual alveolar bone.ResultsThe thickness of the vestibular spongious bone increased around lateral incisors and canines together with dental axis inclination, as did the thickness of the lingual spongious bone around central incisors and canines with greater angles of vestibular cortex curvature. In all teeth, the thickness of lingual cancellous bone decreased along with increase of the angle of tooth inclination. In the case of almost all groups of teeth, the thickness of lingual cancellous bone around teeth declined as the angle of curvature of the cortical bone decreased. The rotation of mandibular incisors and canines did not affect the thickness of the surrounding bone.ConclusionsThe position of teeth has little influence on vestibular bone thickness and is only significant around central incisors. In the case of almost all groups of teeth, the thickness of lingual spongious bone around teeth declined as the angle of curvature of the cortical bone decreased.Clinical relevanceCBCT is a diagnostic tool that provides detailed information on the dimensions of the anterior dentate mandibular alveolar process.
StreszczenieChęć zachowania naturalnego i zdrowego uzębienia przez całe życie człowieka wiąże się z regularnymi wizytami kontrolnymi w gabinecie stomatologicznym oraz poddawaniem się wymaganym procedurom leczniczym. W społeczeństwie rośnie świadomość potrzeby utrzymania zdrowia jamy ustnej, dlatego lekarze stomatolodzy obejmują swoją opieką pacjentów w każdym wieku. Wśród nich liczną grupę stanowią kobiety w wieku około-i pomenopauzalnym. Ze względu na wygaśnięcie wewnątrzwydzielniczej funkcji jajników dochodzi u nich do zmniejszenia stężenia hormonów estrogenowych. Prowadzi to do szeregu implikacji ogólnoustrojowych, włą-czając negatywny wpływ na ślinianki oraz błonę śluzową jamy ustnej. U pacjentek tych lekarze stomatolodzy muszą brać pod rozwagę fakt, że mogą one cierpieć na schorzenia jamy ustnej specyficzne dla tego okresu życia. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono najczęściej pojawiające się dolegliwości dotyczące jamy ustnej kobiet w wieku około-i pomenopauzalnym. Podczas gdy pojawiające się w przebiegu menopauzy objawy ogólne są powszechnie znane, ciągle niska jest świadomość, że dyskomfort w obrębie jamy ustnej jest również częścią dolegliwości tego okresu. Autorzy przedstawiają aktualny stan wiedzy dotyczący wpływu niedoboru estrogenów oraz ich suplementacji na ślinianki oraz błonę śluzową jamy ustnej u kobiet w wieku około-i pomenopauzalnym. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na objawy związane z nieprawidłowym nawilżeniem błony śluzowej jak również pojawiającym się najczęściej w tym wieku zespołem piekących ust. Autorzy przedstawili także metody terapii wymienionych dolegliwości.Słowa kluczowe: niedostateczne wydzielanie śliny, zespół piekących ust, menopauza. SummaryPreserving natural and healthy dentition till the end of life is strongly connected with regular control visits at the dentist's surgery and following therapeutic procedures that may be found necessary. Today's society develops an awareness of the necessity to preserve good health of the oral cavity. Therefore, dentists attempt to provide medical care to the patients of all ages, including menopausal women. Women at the perimenopausal or post-menopausal age often experience a decrease in estrogenic hormone concentration due to discontinued endocrinological activity of the ovaries. This leads to a number of systemic implications, including the negative effect on salivary glands and oral mucosa. It is important to keep in mind that such patients may suffer from oral diseases specific to their age. This paper presents most common oral diseases that occur in women at the menopausal or perimenopausal age. While the systemic aspects of menopause are well documented, the awareness of oral discomfort as a part of menopausal complaints is still low. The authors present the current state of knowledge on how deficiency or supplementation of estrogens can affect salivary glands and oral mucosa in perimenopausal and post-menopausal women. Particular attention is paid to symptoms resulting from abnormal lubrication of oral mucosa or burning mouth syndrome, the la...
The aim of the study is to evaluate the usefulness of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the assessment of the relationship between the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and bone crest of the anterior mandibular cortex. The study population comprised 39 males and 61 females, aged 18–71. A GENDEX GXCB-500 machine, i-CAT Vision and CorelDraw 9 software were used. The distances between the CEJ and bone crest at buccal and lingual sides of six anterior mandibular teeth were measured. Descriptive statistical methods, Student’s t-test and ANOVA were used. The mean distance between the bone crest and CEJ was 2.32 mm ± 0.78 mm at the buccal and 2.52 mm ± 0.85 mm at the lingual side. It was found that in males aged over 50 years, the mean distance at the buccal side was 2.84 mm ± 0.79 mm and was significantly higher than in males aged 49 and less – 2.08 mm ± 0.41 mm. The mean distance at the lingual side was 3.28 mm ± 1.08 mm and was significantly lower in the age group of 49 years and less – 2.10 mm ± 0.41 mm. CBCT allows determining the distance between the CEJ and crestal bone margin at buccal and lingual sides. The data provide crucial information for planning orthodontic treatment, implant placement and periodontal therapy.
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