Sepsis in neonates carries a high morbidity and mortality rate and is among the most feared complications in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) are a common etiology of late-onset sepsis. The aim of this study was to compare risk factors and characteristics between patients according to the type of catheter that was utilized and according to birth weight classification. The study included 51 newborns with confirmed CRBSI, which were hospitalized in our level 3 NICU between January 2017 and December 2018. The study population was stratified according to the type of venous catheter utilized (peripherally inserted central catheter, central venous catheter (CVC), and peripheral venous catheter). Infants with low birth weight and those who required prolonged parenteral nutrition were most likely to develop CRBSI in our study group. The type of venous catheter was not associated with blood culture results. Also, infants with a birth weight of < 1500 g and > 1500 g did not differ in sepsis etiology. Further research is required to assess venous catheters relative risk of causing sepsis and if the outcome can be traced back specifically to catheter type or patient characteristics.
The number of students with special educational needs continues to increase in Polish mainstream schools. The obligatory psychological and pedagogical support for children with special educational needs in Poland operates on the basis of normative acts developed by the Ministry of Education. This assistance is targeted at students of Polish state schools (primary and secondary), which also teach children and young adults with this kind of needs within the framework of inclusive education. The study in quantitative strategies (quantitative research) was conducted among the teaching staff in Polish schools located in large cities. The number of participants in the sample was approximately 130 teachers and the instrument used was a questionnaire prepared by the authors. The research concerned the effectiveness of psychological and pedagogical assistance provided to pupils with special educational needs. The research results indicate that the current scheme in Poland requires new legislation and urgent interventions, especially in terms of qualifications of teachers who work with pupils with special educational needs.
This paper analyzes the construction and negotiation of religious identity categories in non-professional interviews using English as a lingua franca conducted by Polish students of foreign languages with foreigners staying in Poland. I use membership categorization analysis to show how the talk participants present themselves as members of a particular religious collectivity and how they ascribe membership in a religious collectivity to other speakers. I focus both on explicit and implicit categorization.
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