The aim of this article is to present a preliminary assessment of the adaptability of Polish municipalities to the flood hazard. In the conducted studies municipalities were understood not only as basic local government units in Poland, but also as social-ecological systems. The study covered 18 municipalities situated in the sub-basin of Nysa Kłodzka. This region has suffered from numerous floods in the past, and adverse consequences in the form of material losses as well as in human victims let us acknowledge this part of Poland to be one of the most threatened by floods. The analyses used data available in the public domain (mainly from the Statistics Poland database; Polish abbr. GUS) as well as obtained using the questionnaire created for this purpose. The preliminary studies on adaptability of the municipalities in the area of the sub-basin of Nysa Kłodzka have been conducted using the data form the period of 2010-2016. The starting point for conducting a multidimensional comparative analysis, and at the same time the selection of 110 gained diagnostic variables describing 18 determinants of SES adaptability to flood hazard was the identification of 2 main factors determining SES' adaptability (its adaptive potential and adaptive capacity), and 4 categories of determinants of its adaptability (human capital and social potential, financial potential, ecological potential and organizational potential). The initial selection of the diagnostic variables was made using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The proposed logic of aggregation and selection of these variables can be adapted for the adaptability studies on other territorial units and for study on their adaptability to different kinds of threats.

A municipality is a basic local government unit (LGU) in Poland. It is responsible for the safety of its citizens, especially in circumstances of flood hazard. A municipality is a unique social-ecological system (SES), distinguished by its ability to adapt to flood hazard. It is impossible to specify the conditions a municipality has to reach to achieve the highest adaptability to flood hazard, however, it is possible to assign a level of adaptability to a municipality, one that corresponds to the position of a given municipality among the population of assessed municipalities threatened by floods. Therefore, a tool was developed to rank municipalities by their adaptability on the assumption that the assessment of municipal adaptability was influenced by 15 selected features. The research was carried out using data from the period of 2010-2016 for 18 municipalities-SESs located in the Nysa Kłodzka sub-basin. It was indicated that municipalities located in the higher course of the river possess higher levels of adaptability. At the same time, the size of a flood stands for each municipality position with regards to the synthetic adaptability index (SAI).

The authors of the article examined the linear correlation between indexes WIG20 and WIG-food and prices of rape in Poland. Based on the collected data to be constructed econometric model, in which the quarterly price of rape in Poland since 2004 to 2016, depend on the explanatory variables: time and exchange quotations of index WIG-food. This model has been estimated, validated statistically, and then used to enumerate the point forecasts the price of rape in Poland in the first two quarters of the year 2017.

Streszczenie: W artykule przedstawiono zarys podstaw teoretycznych struktury terminowej stóp procentowych, przypominając jej trzy główne koncepcje. Wskazano na teoretyczne i praktyczne korzyści płynące z takiego rodzaju modelowania. Wymieniono argumenty wspierające opinię, że model rynku finansowego z czasem ciągłym jest lepszy niż model z czasem dyskretnym. Nieco obszerniej omówiono jedno-i dwuczynnikowe modele dynamiki stopy krótkoterminowej opisane stochastycznymi równaniami różniczkowymi.

The authors of the article examined the impact of exchange quotations of indexes WIG, WIG20 and WIG-food on prices of hog livestock in Poland. Based on the collected data was constructed an econometric model, which explains the evolution of the monthly prices of the hog livestock in Poland in the period from January 2004 to December 2015 depending on the WIG20 index quotes. This model of the linear regression has been estimated, verified substantially and statistically and next used to calculate point forecasts for all months of 2016. Forecasts errors have also been calculated.