This article has been peer reviewed and published immediately upon acceptance.It is an open access article, which means that it can be downloaded, printed, and distributed freely, provided the work is properly cited. Articles in "Ginekologia Polska" are listed in PubMed.
Introduction: The aim of the study was to analyze the problems of homosexual couples with regard to reproductive health, with particular emphasis on the sex and age of the subjects.Materials and methods: The study covered a group of 100 people who described their sexual orientation as homosexual. Participation in the survey was anonymous and voluntary. The research was carried out between November 2011 and March 2012 in Poland. The research method used in this study was the diagnostic survey and the research tool employed was the survey questionnaire.Results: In research 75% of respondents stated that homosexual orientation is an inborn characteristic; 78% of respondents had “come out” with their homosexual orientation; 84% of respondents were in favor of the legalization of partnership in Poland; 54% of respondents said they did not see any contraindications for a couple of the same sex to raise a child, and 38.8% planned to adopt a child should it be legally possible. The presence of homophobia in Polish society was confirmed by 75% of respondents. Conclusions: Most lesbian and gay people define their sexual orientation before the age of 18. Acceptance and empathy are the most common reactions to the “coming out” of people with homosexual orientations. Homosexual people accept their sexual orientation. Lesbian and gay people are aware of sexually transmitted diseases. Homosexuals support the legalization of civil unions in Poland.
Overactive bladder affects 12–17% of the population, and mainly women, and its incidence increases with age. Diagnosis of this condition is based mainly on the patients’ complaints. These symptoms significantly affect the quality of life of millions of patients, involving considerable social, psychological, professional, physical and sexual problems. The wide incidence of this condition makes it necessary to find new medical substances in order to effectively eliminate the symptoms. Neurotoxins are a group of medical drugs that hold great promise for the future. Botulinum toxin is currently being used to treat symptoms related to overactive bladder. It can constitute an appropriate therapeutic option, in particular with regard to patients for whom the use of standard anti-cholinergic drugs is unsatisfactory or leads to severe side effects. Numerous research studies confirm that botulinum toxin can be efficiently used in the treatment of overactive bladder. The properties of this neurotoxin allow selective deactivation of overactive muscles. The use of botulinum toxin can be a method of treatment that significantly improves patient quality of life.Keywords: botulinum toxin; overactive bladder; urinary incontinence; quality of life.
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