. 1994. Moose browsing on pine and willow in the Biebrza Valley, Poland. Acta theriol. 39: 73-82.Utilization of browse supply and moose Alces alces Linnaeus, 1758 browsing intensity in relation to tree height (0.5-3.0 m) were estimated for Scots pine in thickets and willow in willow-birch shrubs. The thickets examined provided different browse resources (0.5, 2.0 and 3.2 t dry wt/ha) and the highest utilization (about 50%) was found in the poorest one (thicket 1). In the willow-birch shrubs the use of browse was high and amounted to 85% of total production in both the winter periods studied. The number and increase of biomass of browsed twigs per stem (or plot) was generally associated with the increase of tree height. Browsing intensity depended on the tree height. Pines of 1.5-1.99 m height were characterized by the greatest browse utilization (76.3%). Moose removed significantly more biomass and twigs from pines growing in the central zone of the thicket 1 than from those growing in the marginal zone. However, in the willow-birch shrubs the utilization of all tree height classes was above 70% of the production and moose browsed not only the last year's growth of shoots but also that of earlier years.
. 1994. The winter browse supply for moose in different forest site-types in the Biebrza Valley, Poland. Acta theriol. 39: 67-71.The winter biomass of browse for moose was estimated in the fresh pine forest, the moist coniferous forest and the alder wood in the Biebrza Valley (NE Poland). Fifteen species of trees and shrubs were available to moose in the forest site-types examined. Ten of them were identified to be important: six in each forest association. On the basis of their biomass, Betula pubescens, B. pendula and Frangula alnus were the most important food plants in coniferous forests and Sorbus aucuparia in the alder wood. The highest supply of browse was found in the timber stand of the moist coniferous forest (27.42 kg dry wt/ha) and the alder wood (25.97 kg dry wt/ha). The lowest supply of 5.43 kg dry wt/ha was available in the fresh pine forest. Browse was least abundant in the pole-sized stands of both fresh pine (0.78 kg dry wt/ha) and the moist coniferous forest 0.87 kg dry wt/ha).
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