BackgroundAutosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is responsible for 10% of cases of the end stage renal disease. Early diagnosis, especially of potential fast progressors would be of benefit for efficient planning of therapy. Urine excreted proteome has become a promising field of the search for marker patterns of renal diseases including ADPKD. Up to now however, only the low molecular weight fraction of ADPKD proteomic fingerprint was studied. The aim of our study was to characterize the higher molecular weight fraction of urinary proteome of ADPKD population in comparison to healthy controls as a part of a general effort aiming at exhaustive characterization of human urine proteome in health and disease, preceding establishment of clinically useful disease marker panel.ResultsWe have analyzed the protein composition of urine retentate (>10 kDa cutoff) from 30 ADPKD patients and an appropriate healthy control group by means of a gel-free relative quantitation of a set of more than 1400 proteins. We have identified an ADPKD-characteristic footprint of 155 proteins significantly up- or downrepresented in the urine of ADPKD patients. We have found changes in proteins of complement system, apolipoproteins, serpins, several growth factors in addition to known collagens and extracellular matrix components. For a subset of these proteins we have confirmed the results using an alternative analytical technique.ConclusionsObtained results provide basis for further characterization of pathomechanism underlying the observed differences and establishing the proteomic prognostic marker panel.
A study made on 2,4,6,4,6,8,10, nitrosation in acetic acid to 2,4,6,8-tetraacetyl-10,12-dinitroso-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNOIW) allows the reaction time to be considerably shortened. During the study, the reaction yield was found to be affected by variables such as temperature, time and UV radiation. The major factor controlling the reaction rate was found to be the concentration of NO 2 molecules in the reaction mixture. Under optimal conditions the product is obtained in a 90 -93% yield after 6 h of the reaction conducted at 70 8C. UV radiation increases the reaction rate, yet the product obtained is of inferior purity on account of the by-product formed.
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