.pl , Phone: þ48 22 822 02 11, Fax: þ48 22 822 59 96Nanocomposites are nowadays one of the most promising materials. Among different fillers, e.g. carbon nanotubes and silicon carbide nanowires (NWSiC), already used with epoxy resin matrices, graphene exfoliated graphite (EG) and graphene nanoplates have some characteristics that make them unique for electromagnetic shielding materials. However, there is still an unresolved problem of proper dispersion that will ensure the homogeneity of samples. To overcome this drawback, inorganic fibres were proposed. An amount of 0.25 phr (parts per hundred; filler content presented as wt.% of the whole polymeric matrix) NWSiC, added to the EG 1 phr/epoxy resin sample, efficiently prevents filler agglomeration. NWSiC were obtained in combustion synthesis and EG was produced from intercalated graphite using microwaves. Finally, nanocomposites with EG from self-propagating high-temperature synthesis were also tested. The properties of the samples have been characterized, revealing an observable improvement of pure resin features.Raw products of combustion synthesis of Si/polytetra-fluoroethylene (PTFE) stoichiometric mixture, carried out in the larger of the presented reactors.
Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) can be regarded as an efficient method to obtain new nanomaterials. Different starting mixtures of magnesium powder with various carbonates (Li 2 CO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , CaCO 3 , FeCO 3 , (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 ) were tried and the auto-thermal reactions were carried out under both reactive (air) and neutral atmosphere (argon) with an initial pressure of 1 or 10 atm to yield novel nanomaterials. Both SiC nanofibres and novel branched SiC nanostructures were also obtained from Si/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) mixtures and their synthesis and purification have been optimized. The application of those one-dimensional (1-D) SiC nanostructures as a composite filler is presented.
Partial nitritation and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (PNA) is a useful process for the treatment of nitrogen-rich centrate from the dewatering of anaerobically digested sludge. A one-stage PNA moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was started up without inoculum at Klagshamn wastewater treatment plant, southern Sweden. The reactor was designed to treat up to 200 kgN d−1, and heated dilution water was used during start-up. The nitrogen removal was >80% after 111 days of operation, and the nitrogen removal rate reached 1.8 gN m−2 d1 at 35 °C. The start-up period of the reactor was comparable to that of inoculated full-scale systems. The operating conditions of the system were found to be important, and online control of the free ammonia concentration played a crucial role. Ex situ batch activity tests were performed to evaluate process performance.
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