Background: The effectiveness of ready-to-use disinfectant wipes was previously assessed in standardized suspension tests, which were inadequate because they ignored that the wipes are rubbed against a surface. Thus, we assessed the effectiveness of commercially available disinfectant wipes impregnated with an alcoholic solution according to the 16615 standard, which includes a test with mechanical action. Methods: According to the EN 16615 standard, under clean conditions, four squares (5cm x 5 cm), placed next to one another, were marked on a test surface. Enterococcus hirae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus were inoculated on the leftmost square, and a wipe impregnated with an alcoholic solution was placed to the left of that square. Then, the wipe was pressed with a 2.5 kg weight and moved to the right and back to the left. After contact times of 1, 5, 10, or 15 minutes, we measured the reduction in bacterial load. Results: Alcohol-based ready-to-use commercial wipes did not show sufficient bactericidal activity at the contact times of 1, 5, 10 and 15 minutes. Wipes containing propan-1-ol and a mixture of propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol were active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at the contact times of 1 minute and 15 minutes. None of the examined wipes were active against Enterococcus hirae or Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: Bactericidal parameters of ready-to-use disinfectant wipes should be determined in surface tests, in addition to suspension tests, because suspension tests do not simulate the conditions under which disinfectant wipes are used in practice.
2. Categorisation of hospital textiles and required scope of decontamination. 3. Chemical-thermal disinfection in the laundry process. 4. Chemical-thermal disinfection of hospital textiles in the laundry process -agents. 5. European Standard PN-EN 16616: 2015-10. Chemical Disinfectants And Antiseptics -Chemical-Thermal Textile Disinfection -Test Method And Requirements (phase 2, step 2). 6. Assessing sporicidal activity of disinfectants in the process of chemical-thermal disinfection -perspectives. 7. Assessing virucidal activity of disinfectants in the process of chemical-thermal disinfection -perspectives. 8. Conclusions
This study evaluated the bactericidal activity of the cationic surface active compound didecyldimethylammonium chloride in 2-propanol against the two reference strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (tetracycline-resistant) as well as their isolates adapted to this active substance. Individual phases and stages of European Standards which are intended to determine the bactericidal activity of disinfectants in medical areas were used. Disinfection parameters of the tested substance as determined by suspension methods were not sufficient to achieve the required bactericidal reduction in the carrier method for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and all its adapted isolates. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (tetracycline-resistant) and its adapted isolates were more sensitive to the tested active substance when the contact time was extended from 5 to 10/15 min. Adaptive resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains can be abolished by using increased concentrations of the tested substance and/or extended contact time.
INTRODUCTION. The assessment of the sporicidal effectiveness of disinfectants is important from the point of view of the prevention of nosocomial infections and spore contamination of clinical samples, medical equipment and materials used in patient care. The rods of Bacillus spp. cause infections of the digestive system, bloodstream and, less often, respiratory tract. Cases were diagnosed in immunocompromised patients, malignant neoplasms and in neonatal wards. The source of the infection was hospital linen, reusable towels, catheters or milk from the human milk bank. AIM OF THE STUDY. Determination of the minimal sporicidal parameters of a disinfectant containing peracetic acid. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The sporicidal activity of a disinfectant containing peracetic acid against Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus spore suspensions was tested in a defined concentration range during a contact time of 15 minutes, in the presence of various interfering substances (clean and dirty conditions) according to the European Standard PN-EN 17126: 2019-01. RESULTS. The disinfecting preparation containing peracetic acid showed sporicidal activity against Bacillus subtilis at a concentration of 1% for 15 minutes under clean and dirty conditions and at concentrations of 0.5%, 1.00% and 1.25% against the Bacillus cereus spores during the same contact time but only under dirty conditions. The preparation showed no sporicidal activity against Bacillus cereus at concentrations of 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% during a contact time of 15 minutes under both dirty and clean conditions. CONCLUSIONS. In areas where there is a risk of infecting a patient or contaminating clinical specimens, materials and equipment with spores of Bacillus spp., it is necessary to use disinfectants with sporicidal activity confirmed according to the PN-EN 17126: 2019-01 standard. The sporicidal activity of disinfectants containing peracetic acid may depend on the method of preparing the solutions, their concentration, pH, temperature and the contamination degree of the disinfected surface.
Research on the susceptibility of the spores of anaerobic bacteria such as Clostridium sporogenes or Clostridioides difficile is vital for assessing the sporicidal activity of disinfectants. The diverse susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria spores may lead to different disinfection parameters being determined by laboratories that prepare spore suspensions to test sporicidal effectiveness. The tests were performed using the suspension method according to PN-EN 13704:2018-09. In order to assess the susceptibility of the C. sporogenes spores, the criterion established for the C. difficile ribotype 027 spores was used in accordance with PN‑EN 17126:2019-01. The susceptibility of the C. sporogenes spores to glutardialdehyde corresponded to the susceptibility ranges established for the C. difficile ribotype 027 spores. The C. sporogenes spore suspension was susceptible to low concentrations of peracetic acid (0.01%). A disinfectant containing peracetic acid as the active substance showed high sporicidal activity at a low concentration (1%), a short contact time (15 minutes), and a high organic load (3.0 g/l bovine albumin + 3.0 ml/l sheep erythrocytes), as compared to a disinfectant with glutardialdehyde, which was sporicidal at a higher concentration (2.5%), at a longer contact time (60 minutes) and lower organic conditions (3.0 g/l bovine albumin). There is a need to define the minimum susceptibility criteria for the C. sporogenes spores to the reference substances most often found in disinfectants with sporicidal activity. Excessive susceptibility of the C. sporogenes spores to reference substances may result in low-performance parameters of disinfection products with sporicidal activity and lead to ineffective disinfection in practice.
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