While patients with small noninfection related stone fragments after ESWL may be followed expectantly, a significantly number will require intervention or have symptomatic episodes within 2 years. The term clinically insignificant applied to any residual stone after ESWL is likely a misnomer.

No abstract

Most patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease who require intervention for nephrolithiasis can be safely and effectively treated with essentially any or all contemporary, minimally invasive techniques. The choice of intervention can be based primarily on size and location of the upper tract stones rather than the associated presence of polycystic kidneys.

This combined sandwich approach offers immediate and long-term results comparable to other forms of management currently available for these challenging cases. Furthermore, this approach may be applied successfully to virtually any patient with large, extensively branched or otherwise complex stones.

While patients with small noninfection related stone fragments after ESWL may be followed expectantly, a significantly number will require intervention or have symptomatic episodes within 2 years. The term clinically insignificant applied to any residual stone after ESWL is likely a misnomer.