The variability found in the number, stage, localization and inflammation in the parasite lesions is strongly associated with the heterogeneity of NCC symptoms. The increased number of vesicular cysticerci and the decreased number of degenerating cysticerci with aging, as well as the prominence of inflammation in women suggest that immuno-endocrinological factors may play a role in susceptibility and pathogenesis. The data also show that with increasing age and exposure there is no increment in severity, a suggestion that there might be ways of regulating pathogenicity.

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Summary — The expansion of the sugar beet leaf canopy tends to be slow in the north of France. This is an important source of loss of yield. This study identifies the main sources of growth variability before competition starts between plants. Field

There is an accumulating volume of research into neurological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, inconsistent study designs, inadequate controls, poorly validated tests, and differing settings, interventions, and cultural norms weaken study quality and comparability, hence the understanding of the spectrum, burden, and pathophysiology of these complications. Therefore, a global COVID‐19 Neuro Research Coalition, together with the World Health Organization, has reviewed reports of COVID‐19 neurological complications and harmonized clinical measures for future research. This will facilitate well‐designed studies using precise, consistent case definitions of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection and neurological complications, with standardized forms for pooled data analyses that nonspecialists can use, including those in low‐income settings. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:1059–1067

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Antigen preparation from plant tissues of pathogenic mycoplasms (MLO) causing flavescence doree diseaseExtraction and purification of plant yellow's pathogen mycoplastns {MLO) from plant tissues is a difficult problem. It concerns mdeed non cultivable, heterogeneous and fragile organisms which are localized in the fihrous and resistant phloem tissue. In a work directed hy an infectivity test by ieafhopper injection, our lahoratory investigated the best host plant and the best extraction method for this type of pathogen.Broad bean, Vicia fuba gave better extracts than Vitis vmifera. Stems are better than petioles or lamina. The best results were obtained with the top region of the stem, at the level where symptoms are apparent on young plants.The most efficient mincing method is achieved with razorblades moved alternatively by the rapid vertical movement of an electric knife.