Article Info Onion (Alluim copa) is one of the most important commercial vegetable and it is cool seasonal vegetables. Onion production has a significant role in reducing poverty through employment generation, improving the feeding behavior of the people, and creating new opportunities for poor farmers. The general objective of the study is to analyze the value chains of onion in the study areas. With specific objectives of, to identify the opportunities and constrains of onion production and marketing in the study area. To analyze the channel of onion marketing in the study area, and to identify the main value chain actors.

Article InfoThis review was focused on the determinants of rural household food security status and coping strategies in Ethiopia. The similarities and variation among different findings in different area were reviewed. Some of variation reviewed in the methodology part was some authors have used binary logistic model and others have used probit model. The model findings were also varied i.e. in some areas significantly positive effect variables also showed that significantly negative effect in the other areas.

Abstract:This study was conducted at Boloso Sore Woreda. The woreda lacks in-depth studies factors that affect the participation in irrigation practice and also there was not well known to what extent the households using irrigation water are better-off than those who depend on rain-fed agriculture. This study was focused on to assess factors that affect the participation in irrigation practice and its effects on rural household farm income. Descriptive statistics, inferential statistics and binary logistic regression analysis were used to analyzing quantitative data. The model result showed that education level, household labor and land holding size had significant positive effect on the use of irrigation water at 5% significance level. However, age and farm distance from river had significant negative effect on the use of irrigation water at 10% and 5% significance level respectively. Out of the total irrigation user respondents (79.7%) have harvested perennial crops more than two times and grown annual crops two times per year from the same farm. While out of the total irrigation non-user respondents' household depended on only rain fed agriculture (56.4%) have grown annual crops only one time per year from the same farm. Consequently, the independent sample test result showed that the irrigation user respondents' household obtained significantly larger mean annual gross farm income than irrigation non-user respondents' household at 1% significance level. As a result, the irrigation user respondents' household obtained excess of 17067.98 birr of mean annual gross farm income that obtained by irrigation non-user respondents' household. According to the finding, in addition to river water it should be better to initiate farmers to develop and use spring water at community level and shallow wale at household level. It is likely to be valuable for future irrigation development. And also the concerned bodies should give emphasis on adult education to improve farmers' awareness; provision of credit, which improves their financial capital to purchase irrigation technologies and to hire labor which fills the gap of family labor shortage.

This study was conducted at Arba Minch Zuria Woreda. The area lacks in-depth studies to identify the determinant factors that influence the use of irrigation water. In the study area it is also not well known to what extent the households using irrigation water were better-off than those who depend on rain-fed agriculture. Therefore, the study was focused on assessing the determinants of small-scale irrigation practice and its contribution on household farm income. The total population in the selected three villages stratified in to two strata (irrigation user and non-user). Then systematic sampling method was employed to select the respondents' household from the population frames of two strata. The descriptive statistics and the binary logistic regression analysis were used for analyzing quantitative data. The results show that sex of respondents'; household size engaged in the agricultural labor force and number of contact of respondents with agricultural development agents per month had significant positive effect on the use of irrigation water at 1% significance level. While education level and attendance on irrigation related training had significant positive effect on the use of irrigation water at 10% significance level. On the other hand, farm distance from the river and the main irrigation canal had significant negative effect on the use of irrigation water at 1% significance level. Out of the total Irrigation user respondents' household (98.2) have harvested perennial crops more than two times and grown annual crops two times per year from the same farm. While out of the total irrigation non-user respondents' household depended on only rain fed agriculture (90.7%) have grown annual crops only one time per year from the same farm. Consequently, the independent sample test result showed that the irrigation user respondents' household obtained significantly larger mean annual gross farm income than irrigation non-user respondents' household at 1% significance level.

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