Capsicum chinense is a small aromatic pepper native to the Amazon and widely used in the Caribbean Basin. Most types of C. chinense are highly pungent, but landraces in Puerto Rico generally have little or no pungency. This “sweet chili pepper” (or ají dulce, as it is known on the Island) is an integral part of the local cuisine. Ten sweet chili pepper lines derived from non-pungent landraces were evaluated in Lajas, Juana Díaz and Corozal, Puerto Rico, in 2009. The lines represented a diversity of fruit types common on the Island. Plants in Juana Díaz grew to about twice the height of those in Lajas and Corozal. Fruit yield varied from 809 g/plant in Lajas to 1,420 g/plant in Juana Díaz. Planting density (number of plants per hectare) was greater at Corozal compared to the other two locations, resulting in a yield per hectare similar to that of Juana Díaz (10,210 kg/ha in Juana Díaz; 10,112 kg/ha in Corozal). Yield was much lower in Lajas (6,400 kg/ha). Average fruit weight was greatest at Juana Díaz (12.1 g) and lowest at Corozal (10.0 g). Plant height at 11 weeks was weakly correlated (r = 0.33) with fruit yield. Plants infected by at least one of three genera of viruses, Cucumovirus, Tobamovirus and Potyvirus, were found at each location. Seed weight per 500 seeds averaged 2.34 g. The average fruit produced about 23 seeds. Genotype x environment (GxE) interaction (= line x location) was highly significant for height, number of fruit and fruit yield, but not for average fruit weight. Because of GxE interaction, the best performing lines varied, depending on location. The presence of GxE interaction presents challenges to a sweet chili pepper breeding program. Although it may be difficult to develop cultivars that perform equally well over diverse environments, improved cultivars with virus resistance should result in increased production. More research is needed to better understand the impact that variation in planting density has on sweet chili pepper yields.
LIBERACIÓN DE LOS PATRONES DE CÍTRICAS 'SWINGLE CITRUMELO', 'CARRIZO' Y HRS 812 PARA PUERTO RICO
La lima 'Tahiti', Citrus latifolia Tan. injertada en cinco patrones de cítricas: 'Swingle citrumelo' [Citrus paradisi Macf. x Ponsirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.], 'Carrizo' [C. sinensis x P. trifoliata (L.) Raf.] , 'HRS 812' [mandarina 'Sunki', C. reticulata x P. trifoliata (L.) Raf.], 'Limón rugoso' [C. jambhiri] y mandarina 'Cleopatra' [Citrus reshni Hort. Ex Tan.] se evaluó en las subestaciones de Isabela y Corozal, Puerto Rico. Los parámetros de altura, diámetro de copa, volumen de copa, eficiencia, número y peso de frutas por árbol, porcentaje de jugo, sólidos solubles totales, acidez y relación sólidos solubles totales/acidez (índice de madurez) fueron evaluados. En la Subestación de Isabela los mayores rendimientos se consiguieron en los patrones 'Limón rugoso' y 'Swingle', con 42.7 y 35.9 kg de fruta por árbol, respectivamente. Estos valores no difieren significativamente de los rendimientos conseguidos en los patrones 'HRS 812' (23.6 kg) y 'Cleopatra' (28.7 kg), mientras que superan significativamente los rendimientos en el patrón 'Carrizo' (21.6 kg). En la Subestación de Corozal los mayores rendimientos se consiguieron en los patrones 'Limón rugoso' (52.9 kg), 'HRS 812' (52.7 kg) y 'Swingle' (47.6 kg), siendo estos significativamente mayores que el de 'Cleopatra' (27.7 kg) pero no que el de 'Carrizo' (40.9 kg). En ambas localidades los parámetros que definen la calidad de fruta fueron aceptables y muy parecidos para ambas zonas. Dos años después de la siembra, en los árboles en Isabela se detectó a Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, bacteria asociada a la enfermedad conocida como "Huanglongbing" (HLB). A pesar de la presencia de la enfermedad, los árboles se mantuvieron en producción y no hubo declinamiento que se asociara a la enfermedad. Tras la detección de la enfermedad en esta localidad se estableció un programa nutricional más intensivo utilizado fertilizantes foliares y al suelo.
Agronomic characteristics and black Sigatoka disease severity of plantain clones Maricongo and FHIA 21 were evaluated in the humid upland region in Corozal, Puerto Rico. A 2x2 factorial experimental design (two clones and two management practices for black Sigatoka) with four replications was used. The management of black Sigatoka consisted of removing (deleafing) the infected leaves starting five months after planting followed by rotational applications of systemic and contact fungicides at 15 days intervals. This treatment was compared with a control treatment where no practices were performed for controlling Sigatoka. The FHIA 21 clone showed higher tolerance to black Sigatoka than the Maricongo clone. The management of black Sigatoka treatment significantly increased the average bunch and fruit weights for both plantain clones. On the other hand, results showed a high incidence (27.5%) of FHIA 21 clone plants with banana streak virus (BSV) symptoms compared with 3.5% in Maricongo. Commercial cultivation of FHIA 21 in Puerto Rico is not recommended at this moment, but further evaluation of the clone in different zones is recommended.
RENDIMIENTO DE DOS CULTIVARES DE YAUTÍA (XANTHOSOMA SPP.) UTILIZANDO DOS TAMAÑOS DE MATERIAL DE PROPAGACIÓN EN LA ZONA CENTRAL DE PUERTO RICO
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.