Speaking skill is one of the most essential skills to be acquired as it is the means of communication around the globe. However, most of the English as second language learners (ESL), are still struggling to develop their speaking skills in English. Thus, this paper provides a literature review on the challenges faced by the ESL learners in learning speaking skills and English educators' approaches in teaching speaking skills. Some of the challenges faced by the ESL learners are lack of motivation and self-confidence, anxiety, inhibition and limited knowledge of vocabulary. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the approaches employed by English language educators in teaching speaking skills and enhancing the speaking skills among these learners from related past studies. Some of the English language educators' approaches in teaching speaking skills are by using social media such as Instagram, flipped classroom, debates and games as learning activities within and outside classroom. By identifying the approaches employed by other educators, ESL educators could select the ones which might be feasible in their own classroom.
This paper aims to perform a pilot study to test the validity and reliability of the instruments to be used for a major study that targets to identify the causes that lead to anxiety among EFL learners. According to the objectives of the major study, the instrument needed to be divided into three main categories and add to another section. Therefore, there was a need to perform the division and designed open-ended questions to suit the nature of the major study. Due to some slight modification, it is crucial to check its effectiveness of the instrument in terms of face validity, content validity and reliability to prove that the instrument is valid and reliable to be used. The validation process was done by three experts from a private institution who declared the instrument is valid upon receiving the explanation that the items will be explained to the students as they are low proficiency students and marked all items as "essential." Reliability findings indicate a high level of internal consistency concluding that the instrument is highly reliable to be used. In conclusion, the validity and reliability results proved that the instrument is effective to be used for the major study as planned.
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