Objectives This article addresses the question of whether the simultaneous auditory and optokinetic stimulation affects the postural stability differently than only the stimulation with a single auditory or optokinetic stimulus. Methods The study involved 30 volunteers. The postural stability was evaluated by means of the posturography platform, which allows for both stable and dynamic posturography tests as well as for applying optokinetic stimulus. Three series of measurements were performed in each patient: measurements on an only with the optokinetic stimulus, measurements using only the acoustic stimulus, and finally measurements with both stimuli applied simultaneously. Results The results indicate that there are statistically significant differences in the findings obtained with the simultaneous auditory and visual stimulation and the observed results with only one of the stimuli on the dynamic platform. Hence, on the basis of the results obtained, it is possible to conclude that the acoustic stimulus has the potential to help maintain a stable posture. However, this process is not sufficiently compensated with the optokinetic stimulation alone. Conclusion The sense of sight may be essential for the maintenance of a stable posture. The presence of a sound stimulus improves the postural stability, although this improvement does not compensate for the disturbance caused by the optokinetic stimulus. Hence, functioning of auditory and visual system can influence patients posture. Level of Evidence 4
Objectives: Tinnitus is a sensation of ringing in the ears in the absence of any physical source in the environment. 15-25% of adults experience some form of tinnitus. A common cause of tinnitus is noise, head injury, ototoxic substances, as well as disorders of blood and blood vessels. Vascular causes include: head - neck tumours, turbulent blood flow, problems with blood supply and inner ear cell damage. The aspect of rheology in terms of tinnitus has not been described yet. Participants: Twelve patients with tinnitus, aged 30 to 74 years. Main outcome measures: The subjects all underwent audiological and neurological evaluation. Rheological properties of whole blood and plasma were assessed as well. The Quemada model was used to describe the variability of red blood cells shape, as well as their tendency to form aggregates. Results: Reduced whole blood viscosity in the low shear rate range is observed in the studied patient group. Conclusion: On the basis of the experimental study, statistically different results of hemorheological measurements were observed in the evaluated group in comparison to a reference group
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