Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has the worst prognosis among all cancers due to latestage diagnosis, limited detection and treatment methods. MiRNAs are post-transcriptional regulators, recently reported to have numerous functions, including modulation of cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis, Several tumor suppressors, such as PTEN, TPM1, and PDCD4 were identified as miR-21 targets. MiR-21 is stable in both tissues and plasma, disease-specific and therefore it appears to be a promising biomarker for benign and malignant diseases of pancreas. Current evidence suggests that miR-21 overexpression is associated with shorter overall survival, higher rate of liver and regional lymph nodes metastases.
Introduction: Iron deficiency is the most common micronutrient deficiency worldwide. Iron activates the growth and differentiation of immune cells and cytokine actions. Interleukin 6 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that stimulates the differentiation of B lymphocytes into plasma cells and activates T lymphocytes. Our study aimed to evaluate the correlation between blood levels of iron and interleukin 6 (IL-6) and its impact on infection rates in children. Materials and methods:The study included 36 children. The serum concentration of IL-6, iron, and morphology parameters from a venous blood sample were assessed. An anonymous survey of children's parents was conducted regarding the frequency of infections before and after the diagnosis of anemia.Results: In the study group, the levels of IL-6 were higher than in the control group and showed greater variability between individual patients. There was a statistically significant, negative correlation between IL-6 and iron levels within the study group (p = 0.012), and a decrease in the number of viral diarrheas after the diagnosis of anemia compared to the state before diagnosis (p = 0.041). There was no statistically significant change in the number of colds or the mean duration of infection (p = 0.144, p = 0.498), nor in the incidence of other infectious diseases and antibiotics intake in the study group before and after iron deficiency anemia diagnosis (p = 0.500, p = 0.219).Conclusions: IL-6 might play a role in iron deficiency anemia. Increased levels of IL-6 were shown not to correspond with visible changes in rates and the course of colds, but did result in a reduction in the frequency of viral diarrhea. Further research on a larger group of carefully selected patients is required to determine the effect of anemia on the immune system.
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