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Background The aim of the study was to present the surgical techniques providing the lowest recurrence rate in treatment of the primary and recurrent thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) in children. Methods The study included 73 patients operated on because of TGDC in years 2011–2016. Ultrasound was performed in all patients preoperatively. In 8 patients with the recurrence of the disease, the CT or MR was carried out before the surgery. Children with the primary disease underwent the modified Sistrunk procedure. In the revision cases the central neck dissection was a method of choice. Results In 45 children, the modified Sistrunk procedure was performed and 28 underwent the central neck dissection. In 2 patients, hematoma occurred after the modified Sistrunk procedure with the need of the surgical revision in one. No complications were observed after the central neck dissection. Conclusions A modified Sistrunk procedure is method of choice in the treatment of the uncomplicated TGDC. In selected cases of the TGDC with a history of infected cyst or incision of an abscess or in revision cases the central neck dissection should be considered in order to avoid the risk of the further recurrences.

Background. allergic diseases are the most common chronic illnesses in children. it is said that patients with allergy more often suffer from adenoid hypertrophy and otitis media with effusion than non-allergic patients. Objectives. to estabilish the prevalence of allergy in children with adenoid hypertrophy with or without otitis media with effusion (oMe) admitted to the department of Pediatric otolaryngology in Poznan between 05.2017 and 05.2018 and to check if allergy affects the incidence of oMe and adenoid hypertrophy. Material and methods. each patient admitted for adenoidecomy or tympanostomy tube placement or both was carefully interviewed to check if they suffered from allergic diseases. in every patient with oMe, a preoperative tympanometry and pure tone audiogram or otoacoustic emission was performed. the data was analyzed statistically. the chi-square test was used, with a p value < 0.05. Results. 153 patients aged 2 to 16 years (68 girls and 85 boys) were admitted to the Poznan Pediatric otolaryngology department between 05.2017 and 05.2018. the children were divided in to three age subgroups. 16.9% of children undergoing adenoidectomy and 17.4% of children undergoing adenoidectomy with tympanostomy tube placement suffered from allergic disease. allergy did not affect the incidence of oMe or adenoid hypertrophy, but this finding was not statistically significant. oMe diagnosis and ear tube placement was statistically more often seen in boys (p = 0.02, chi 2 = 5.39). Conclusions. Prevalence of allergy was higher in boys and they had more often ear tubes placement performed. that difference was statistically significant. allergy in our study group did not influence the prevalence of oMe, nor the adenoid hypertrophy.

Background. acute rhinosinusitis occurs commonly in children. orbital complications are reported in 5% to 7% of patients. orbital involvement is reported to occur more often in children than in adults. Objectives. to evaluate the prevalence of orbital complications in children with acute rhinosinusitis. Material and methods. a retrospective study of 33 children referred to our department with orbital complications of acute rhinosinusitis between January 2016 and March 2018 was carried out. Patients' charts were investigated for the following data: gender and morbidity rate in the different age groups. diagnostic imaging-ct scans and/or X-ray of the paranasal sinuses were analyzed. the incidence of the stages of orbital complications and their primary treatment (conservative or surgery) was evaluated. Results. group 1 (0-3 years of age) included 7 children. group 2 (children aged 4-10 (n = 22) were affected most often. group 3 (11-18 years of age) involved 4 patients. in a majority of patients, a ct scan was performed. an analysis of the stages of disease according to chandler's classification revealed that stage i of orbital complications occurred most frequently, with a predominance in younger children. Conclusions. the proper distinction between preseptal and orbital cellulitis, and subperiosteal abscess, is crucial in choosing the appropriate treatment strategy. any delay may result in threatening vision complications.

Background. Acute otitis media in children is one of the most common causes of patients reporting to the family doctor and pediatrician. in rare cases, the inflammatory process spreads deeper into the temporal bone despite proper treatment, resulting in mastoiditis. Objectives. the aim of this article is to present the most common complication of inflammation of the middle ear. this is mastoiditis. the authors describe mastoiditis by means of its characteristics, the most common symptoms, incidence and treatment. Material and methods. data about the patients hospitalized in the Pediatric otolaryngology department of the Poznan university of Medical sciences from January 2017 to April 2018 was analyzed and subjected to a retrospective study. statistical analysis of the results was performed. Results. Based on the analyzed medical documentation, the incidence of mastoiditis was evaluated. in addition, the parameters characterizing the diagnostic procedure, along with the treatment methods and the effectiveness of the applied therapies in the hospital conditions, were assessed. the number of outpatient ambulatory visits and the frequency of necessary hospitalizations for patients with uncomplicated otitis media were additionally subjected to evaluation. Conclusions. the number of cases of inflammation of the middle ear requiring hospitalization in the Pediatric otolaryngology department Poznan university of Medical sciences is minimal, although the complications may present severe health consequences. uncomplicated acute otitis media may be successfully treated in ambulatory conditions by family physicians and pediatricians. early detection of the potential complication is essential in the practice of the family doctor. Summary ISSN 1734-3402, eISSN 2449-8580this is an open Access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons Attribution-noncommercial-shareAlike 4.0 international (cc By-nc-sA 4.0). license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/).

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Background. congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (cnldo) is a common developmental anomaly, and in most cases, obstruction is located at the distal end of the nasolacrimal duct. the rate of spontaneous resolution of cnldo is up to 96% during the first year of life, and, therefore, most authors advise only medical treatment in the first months of life. when obstruction persists, lacrimal probing is performed. conventionally, the next steps in surgical treatment are lacrimal intubation and dacryocystorhinostomy. the intranasal approach was first proposed many years ago, but became possible only after the development of advanced endoscopic rhinosurgery. at present, it is widely used to treat cnldo. Objectives. to evaluate the effectiveness of rhinoscopy assisted lacrimal probing as a treatment for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in children. Material and methods. we enrolled 14 children with cnldo to this case series study. all children underwent surgery between 01.03.2016 and 30.03.2018. data about symptoms and previous treatment were first collected, surgery was then performed, and all patients were then reexamined postoperatively and data about results recorded. Results. the age range was 6-152 months (median 30 months). Four (4) patients had no history of previous surgery, and ten (10) had undergone lacrimal probing before. the overall final success rate was 85.71% (12/14 patients, including 2 infants with dacryocystitis). Conclusions. in our group of patients, endoscopy assisted lacrimal probing is an effective method of treatment for cnldo. we suggest to use this method in cases of children older than 12 months with one or more unsuccessful probing, with infants with dacryocystitis, and always before considering dacryocystorhinostomy.

Nasal glial heterotopia is a rare congenital defect that is formed during embryological development. This lesion is part of a larger group of diseases, congenital midline nasal tumors, that occur with a frequency of once per 20,000-40,000 live births. Histologically, nasal glial heterotopia is a concentration of glial tissue which exhibits no malignant potential. We can differentiate three basic types of the disease based on the location of the lesion: 60% of nasal gliomas are extranasal, 30% are intranasal and only 10% combine extra- and intranasal components. Because of the rare occurrence correct diagnosis is quite difficult. We present a case of 2.5-month male who was admitted to the Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology for the diagnosis and treatment of a tumor deforming the bridge of his nose. Initial differential diagnosis included encephalocele, glial heterotopia (nasal glioma), angioma, nasal dorsal cyst, rhabdomyosarcoma, lacrimal duct cysts. We performed endoscopic examination, radiological imaging (CT, MRI) and histological assessment of lesion. The patient was diagnosed with nasal glial heterotopia (extra-and intranasal) based on diagnostic studies and clinical manifestation. The resection of the lesion was performed by means of dual access, external and endoscopic. The results of surgical treatment are satisfactory, control endoscopy showed no residual tumor presence.