Introduction: This article presents the results of research based on the feelings and responses of members of a sports club, in relation to a fitness programme offered by Fitness World.Material and methods: The study consisted of a group of 58 participants chosen at random. Statistically, the analysed results of the research show that the biggest group attending Fitness World consists of men between 31 and 50 years of age with higher education, and women between 18 and 30 with, mostly, higher education. In general, men prefer to participate in aerobics group sessions and gym sessions, and women choose to take part in any activities.Conclusion: The most preferred time was between 5 p.m. and 10 p.m., usually after work, and with a frequency of twice a week. It was not possible to determine the main reasons for motivation, although 93% prefer to practise regularly.
Introduction: With age, there are many pathologies in the organs of our body. The sedentary lifestyle in specific professional groups cause the emergence and intensification of functional and structural defects of the spine. Aim: The aim of the study was to examine the frequency of pelvic and lumbar spine disorders (measured using functional tests and imaging tests) affecting the frequency of pain. Material and Methods: The study involved 114 patients with lumbosacral pain (75 women, 39 men, 24-85 years of age, average age of the respondent 53 years). It was carried out between July 2017 and September 2019 at SP ZOZ SW in Szczecin. In the study group, the author’s questionnaire was used, functional tests were carried out and imaging analysis was performed. Results: The frequency of occurrence of pain episodes depends statistically significantly on the age (p <0.05). The highest percentage of frequent pain occurs in people over 65 years of age (70.83%). Over half (57.02%, n = 65) of respondents struggle with pain in the ilio-lumbar and / or sacro-tumor ligaments. Strong pain in the ilium-lumbar ligament is statistically significant in people with lumbar hyperlordosis (84.62%, n = 22). This relationship was also observed during the lifting of hands. For 6 people declaring the pain while doing this - 4 of them also show severe pain in the ilio-lumbar ligaments. The pain of the cruciate ligament alleviates the standing position, which is also statistically significant. In the employees of the Szczecin universities, the disc herniation of the intervertebral disc was most often found in people between the 4th and 6th decade of life. Pain discomfort associated with discopathy accompany patients throughout all day (p <0.05). Conclusions: The degree of advancement of changes in the lumbar-sacral spine increases with age. The type of lumbar lordosis affects pain in the ilium-lumbar ligament.
Background: Effective healthcare decision making involves the use of decision-making skills (DMS). DMS are considered to be crucial life skills conditioning proper group social functioning (i.e. support authentic leadership skills - ALS) and increasing one's chances of success and wellbeing in life. Nonetheless, the number of scientific papers addressing the role of LS in developing ALS in PH specialists is limited. Aim of the study was to develop a theoretical model to determine the role of selected LS in developing authentic leadership skills in public health specialists.Methods: The study was conducted from January 16 through February 28, 2018. In total, 653 students undertaking in-service training in Master's degree programs were qualified for the study, and complete data sets were obtained from 329 students ( response rate 50.38% ). The error margin was 3.17% (95% confidence level). The data were collected by means of a paper questionnaire. Four research tools were used in the study: The Authentic Leadership Self-Assessment Questionnaire (ALSAQ), The Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ), The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), The Youth Leadership Life Skills Development (YLLSD).Results: Two subgroups were identified among the public health specialists in the study: 1) the extra social skills training group (N = 113), and 2) the no extra social skills training group (N = 216). Both groups of the study participants did not differ significantly in age (M [SD]: 25.0 [3.89] vs. 25.0 [3.66]; t = 0.068, P = 0.946). On the other hand, clear differences were observed in the case of the respondents' participation in voluntary service. The respondents from the extra SST group declared participation in voluntary activities less frequently than the respondents from the no extra SST group (48.7 vs. 31.9%). Both calculated measures (CMIN = 15.020, df = 8 and CMIN/DF = 1.88) point to the empirical confirmation of the model. Conclusions: A course aimed at strengthening authentic leadership competences should be modular, focus on self-improvement and critical reflection, as well as spread over time so as to enable and encourage each participant to grow and flourish at their own pace.
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