This paper describes meat consumption preferences of people from antiquity inhabiting the territory of present day Poland based on archaeological evidence from the skeletal remains of domestic and wild animals. Much information is provided about meat stocks and the scale of meat consumption by various social groups from these ancient times. Skeleton remains of cattle from the Neolithic period, (estimated in Poland to be around 46(K)-2100 B.C.), constitute on average from 44.0 to 73.09; of all animal remains found whilst the numbers for swine remains were from 36.9 to \9.07c. Looking at the 8 regions of contemporary Poland then in pre-Roman and Roman periods cattle bone remains ranged from 37.5% in East Pomerania to 80.9'7t in Central Poland. Those from swine ranged from 42.3 and 11.7%, respectively. In the Middle Ages, (defined as 7-13"'century A.D.), cattle bone remains constituted from 30 to 50% and those of swine from 28.0 to 52%. In all of the analysed periods goat/sheep remains amounted to 15%. The skeletal remains of horses during the Roman and pre-Roman periods reached different values in different regions, i.e. from 2.7 in Greater Poland to 11.3% in Silesia however in the Middle Ages they were all below 5%. Fish remains consisting of mainly herring, pike and various other species have been continuously found to be present in the diet of people from Neolithic to the Middle ages.Nowadays in Poland the annual consumption of pork amounts to 42 kg per capita constituting 57.8% of the total meat consumption (72.7 kg). against only about 5 kg of beef.
A prospective, single-centre, non-randomised, case–control study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of intraoperative haemodynamic monitoring, prediction of hypotension and goal-directed therapy on the outcomes of patients undergoing posterior fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The control group (n = 35, mean age: 15 years) received standard blood pressure control during surgery, while the intervention group (n = 24, mean age: 14 years) underwent minimally invasive haemodynamic monitoring and goal-directed therapy. The intervention group showed significantly shorter durations of hypotension (mean arterial pressure < 60 mmHg), reduced hospital stays and smaller decreases in post-surgery haemoglobin levels. Additionally, the intervention group experienced shorter times from the end of surgery to extubation. These findings suggest that incorporating targeted interventions during intraoperative care for AIS patients undergoing posterior fusion can lead to improved outcomes.
En 1550 el tercer obispo de la diócesis de Nicaragua murió asesinado por los hijos del ex-gobernador, Rodrigo de Contreras. La causa directa de este delito fue la enemistad personal entre los asaltantes y la víctima, sin embargo el incidente formaba parte de un fenómeno amplio, compuesto por la explotación de indios, los confl ictos internos en la sociedad hispana de la colonia y la gran política imperial en el Nuevo Mundo recién conquistado.
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