In this paper, a brief review of the multilevel inverter (MLI) topologies is presented. The two-level Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) requires a suitable filter to produce sinusoidal output waveforms. The high-frequency switching and the PWM method are used to create output waveforms with the least amount of ripples. Due to the switching losses, the traditional two-level inverter has some restrictions when running at high frequencies. For addressing this problem, multilevel inverters (MLI) with lower switching frequencies and reduced total harmonic distortion (THD) are employed, eliminating the requirement for filters and bulky transformers. Furthermore, improved performance at the high switching frequency, higher power quality (near to pure sinusoidal), and fewer switching losses are just a few of the benefits of MLI inverters. However, each switch has to have its own gate driver for implementing MLI, which adds to the system's complexity. Therefore, reducing the number of switches of MLI is necessary. This paper presents a review of some of the different current topologies using a lower number of switches. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-014 Full Text: PDF

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Due to the possible shortage of oil and gas, increasing the number of cars, global warming, air pollution, and outages, there is a special need for renewable energy sources and electric vehicles (EVs). The new battery-electric vehicles BEVs can be charged by the power grid. However, the existing fossil fuel power plant cannot provide enough power for this purpose, and the only choice is renewable energy sources (RECs). Comparing RECs, solar energy is abundant and accessible in any part of the world. Needless to state that a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system is required in order to extract maximum power from solar modules. In this paper, a charging strategy is proposed via using a solar system, a boost converter, and a fuzzy tracking algorithm. The main research contribution of the presented paper is to charge an EV without putting stress on the power grid. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated by the MATLAB Simulink and LTSPICE results.

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<span lang="EN-US">Partial shading condition (PSC) is common and complicated in all types of PV power plant. Therefore, the power production of solar system would be affected by the mismatch phenomena produced by PSC. Furthermore, when the array is partially shaded, the P–V characteristics become more complex which causes multiple peaks of the P-V curve. So, the simple maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods such as perturb and observe (P&amp;O) will fail. To address the above issue, this paper proposes a combination of two different approaches, implementing distributed MPPT (DMPPT) and optimized fuzzy/bee algorithm (OFBA). DMPPT can be utilized to maximize solar energy by allowing each module, or group of modules, be managed independently. Also, due to the output power oscillations around the operating point in the P&amp;O method, an OFBA is employed which allowing for the decrease of output power oscillations without the usage of temperature and light sensors. The result shows that utilizing of DMPPT control approach in conjunction with the OFBA boosts the output generated power.</span>