The purpose of the present research, was evaluating the performance of HYDRUS-3D model for simulating soil moisture under field conditions for corn and durum wheat in a Mediterranean climate. Furthermore, the PILOTE model was also used for accounting root water extraction. Soil moisture at different depths was measured by a neutron probe before irrigation. Observed soil moisture values were compared with simulated data using statistical indices i.e. the root mean square error (RMSE) and the normalized root mean square error (NRMSE). The ranges of water content NRMSE were between 6.3-7.5 percent. The performance of the model based on calculated NRMSE values have been placed in the excellent category for simulation of the soil water content. Ranges of RMSE were obtained between 0.0174 and 0.0190 cm 3 cm-3 , though the values are very low. The results of these two statistical indices indicated the high ability of the model in simulating soil water content.
This study evaluates the impact of climate change (CC) on runoff and hydrological drought trends in the Hablehroud river basin in central Iran. We used a daily time series of minimum temperature (Tmin), maximum temperature (Tmax), and precipitation (PCP) for the baseline period (1982–2005) analysis. For future projections, we used the output of 23 CMIP5 GCMs and two scenarios, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5; then, PCP, Tmin, and Tmax were projected in the future period (2025–2048). The GCMs were weighed based on the K-nearest neighbors algorithm. The results indicated a rising temperature in all months and increasing PCP in most months throughout the Hablehroud river basin's areas for the future period. The highest increase in the Tmin and Tmax in the south of the river basin under the RCP 8.5 scenario, respectively, was 1.87 °C and 1.80 °C. Furthermore, the highest reduction in the PCP was 54.88% in August under the RCP 4.5 scenario. The river flow was simulated by the IHACRES rainfall-runoff model. The annual runoff under the scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 declined by 11.44% and 13.13%, respectively. The basin runoff had a downward trend at the baseline period; however, it will have a downward trend in the RCP 4.5 scenario and an upward trend in the RCP 8.5 scenario for the future period. This study also analyzed drought by calculating the streamflow drought index for different time scales. Overall, the Hablehroud river basin will face short-term and medium-term hydrological drought in the future period.
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