We studied the correlation of sonographic and digital mammographic features with molecular classification of breast cancer. Imaging features from 313 patients with preliminary ultrasound and digital mammogram between November 2017 and May 2020 were compared with histopathology and immunohistochemical analysis for the prediction of molecular classification of breast cancer. We also devised a score called “sono-mammometry” score consisting of few simple imaging features which can easily be performed in outpatient settings. We studied that non-triple-negative breast cancers are predominantly hypoechoic and strongly correlate with the presence of irregular spiculated margins along with peripheral echogenic halo, posterior shadowing, and microcalcifications, while there is considerable variation in imaging features of TNBC as some of its imaging features overlap with those of typical benign tumors. Although imaging characteristics are helpful in the prediction of molecular classification, the prognostication value of these imaging features is still weak. There is considerable variation in imaging features which warrants vigilance towards improved diagnostic performance. To help better understand these features, our sono-mammometry score can serve as straightforward test which is assumed to be functional and productive in resource-limited settings.
Introduction: Cancer patients are prone to infections, including COVID-19 because they are immune-comprised secondary to cancer itself as well as due to their treatment. As a principal health care provider, it is imperative that their awareness and practices should be assessed and rectified in a timely manner. Methodology & Results: This is a cross sectional and prospective study, performed in the Oncology OPD of SIUT, Pakistan. Total 306 participants were included. Average percentage of awareness was 39.4% vs 36.6% were found to be low, but patient (72.7%) showed more careful behaviour then their care taker (61.5%). In query related to use of face mask every time while being outside the house, 14.4% vs 23.8% did not practice it. For hand hygiene, 93.4% vs 49.1% were following these measures. Reasons for not following these precautions were: i) lack of information, 63% vs 37% ii) this virus is not lethal, 37% vs 63%. Conclusion: Awareness and practical implementation of knowledge is not according to international guidelines and there is a dire need to have a proper awareness campaign for the masses to improve the acceptability of Corona virus as a major health risk concern.
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of plasma cells that not only shows different clinical behavior but also depicts heterogeneous groups at molecular level. The prognosis of the disease has been dramatically changed with the arrival of new drugs in the past few years. In this context of better therapeutic agents, there are important challenges for accurate evaluation of patients by better prognostic and predictive tools. Transcriptomic studies have largely added to decipher MM heterogeneity, dividing MM patients into different subgroups according to prognosis. Micro-arrays and more recently RNA sequencing have helped in evaluating coding and non-coding genes, mutations, unique transcriptome convertors and different splicing events giving new information concerning biology, outcome and treatment options. Initial data from gene expression profiling studies have also pointed out genes that predict prognosis, i.e., CSK1-B, and can deliver pharmacogenomics and biologic vision into the pathophysiology, targeted treatment, and future direction. Importantly, we suggest that all prospective studies and clinical trials now accept genetic testing and risk stratification of MM patients. In this review, we discuss the part and effect of gene expression profiling in myeloma.
Introduction:Cancer patients are at risk of severe symptoms because of COVID 19 virus. Cancer patients are prone because they are immune-comprised due to their cancer and due to treatment with chemotherapy/immunotherapy. It is difficult to treat cancer patients in this pandemic due to limited data. Incidence of severe complications related to this virus in cancer patients is high then non cancer patients of same age group. They need more ICU admission and invasive ventilation. Since clinical data is relatively scarce in this perspective. This study is being carried out to perceive incidence and severity and outcome of this viral infection in cancer population in under developed country. Methods: All cancer patients who were receiving active oncological treatment and on surveillance visited the oncology clinic or required inpatient hospital care were included in this study. Aim was to assess the incidence and outcome of COVID 19 infection in oncology patients treated in our institute. Files of all adult cancer patients who were COVID positive and required inpatient care or managed at home from March 2020 till March 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. Purposive non-random sampling has been used for sampling technique. All details related to this infection have been recorded on a predesigned Proforma. Results: Total number of patients who visited Oncology clinics during 1 st wave and 2 nd wave of covid-19 were: n-7877 [M :F-1.5 :1]. During these waves total oncology patients who contracted COVID virus were: N= 170[170/ 7877=2.1 %, M: F-1.8: 1]. Only n-18 patients expired, Mortality according to severity of infection was: mild [4.7%], moderate [1.7%] and severe [4.1%]. More patients died secondary to this virus were urinary bladder [22.8%] and prostate cancer [15%] followed by GI [11.5%]. Patients with mild infection died because they had associated sepsis and uncontrolled malignancy. Mortality according to age, total [n-18], 5, 5, 8, and 0 according to age group 1, 2, 3 and 4. Mortality with co-morbidities, only chronic kidney disease [n-03], only hypertension [n-4], only ischemic heart disease [n-0], with multiple co-morbidities Afshan Asghar Rasheed et al.
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