By utilizing summertime (June-September) gridded data of air temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH) and vector wind (VW), climate change was investigated over the whole of the Middle East (ME) and its ten sub-regions for the period of 1961-2020. Although changes were detected according to each individual variable, their interrelationships are discussed to justify the physical causes of the changes. For assessing the dynamic of climate change, stability in the changes was analyzed when significant results are compared between three choices comprising A) 1961 1990 and 1991-2020, B) 1961-1970 and 2011-2020 and C) 1961-1965 and 2016-2020. We proved that AT (westerly wind and RH) has (have) been predominantly increasing (decreasing) over the study area. The greatest (smallest) frequency of significant results was associated with choice C (A) suggesting changes are on the rise. After proving that the Mediterranean Sea-based northwesterly winds are the main climate controller of the ME, a large part of the observed warming and dryness is attributed to the recent weakness in these circulations. The worrying changes were associated with some populous areas including upstream of the Nile River in Eritrea and Sudan and Euphrates and Tigers Rivers in Turkey, Caucasus regions, north of Egypt, north of Iran, Turkmenistan, Saudi-Arabia and Afghanistan. In contrast to the Mediterranean region, recent enhancements in the southerly (northerly) circulations over the Indian Ocean's northwest (Caspian Sea) have been partially compensated negative impacts of warming and dryness over some areas in Iran, Pakistan and the Arabian Peninsula (south of the Sea).
Through Judith Butler’s theories, it is depicted that dystopia is embedded within our most precious ideals. Dystopia depicts a world in which the right to choose and self-discovery has lost all meaning, and in which individuals are tools through which ideology is implemented. Zoya Pirzad, in her book, Things We Left Unsaid, talks about the unfairness of cultural values. She questions idealistic attitudes towards life’s realities and invites us towards new definitions of humanity. It is revealed in this research that our attitudes towards humanity can be very rigid and restrictive; in a way that the differences that show humanity’s complexity and beauty are considered unpleasant and unnatural and the result is nothing but pain and unhappiness.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.