Introduction: Studies have shown when hemodialysis treatment is sufficiently effective, complications of uremic syndrome, additional treatment costs and hospitalization length are reduced. Several methods have been proposed to improve hemodialysis adequacy. Objectives: In this study, the effects of the synchronic use of the stepwise profile dialysis fluid flow rate with increased blood flow rate (BFR) were studied on hemodialysis adequacy. Patients and Methods: This is a cross-over clinical trial study conducted on 34 hemodialysis patients selected from a hemodialysis center of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups (n= 17 patients in each group) in two sequences. In the first sequence, the subjects received four routine hemodialysis sessions in group one and four hemodialysis sessions with the stepwise profile of the fluid flow rate with increased BFR in group two. In the second sequence, the treatment methods were exchanged. Hemodialysis sessions were performed in both sequences, consecutively. Each session was at least three hours. Hemodialysis adequacy was measured using Kt/V software on the hemodialysis machines after each session. Results: The mean score of dialysis adequacy was 0.89 in the routine method and 1.26 in the profile with increased BFR. There was a statistically significant difference between the methods (t= -7.9, df = 33, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that the stepwise profile of the dialysis fluid flow rate with increased BFR should be used synchronously to improve hemodialysis adequacy.
Introduction: Currently, instead of focusing on negative outcomes of breast cancer, researchers concentrate on potential positive outcomes which refer to post-traumatic growth (PTG). Objectives: The aim of this research was to investigate PTG and its relation with the locus of control (LOC) in women with breast cancer. Patients and Methods: The samples in this descriptive, correlational research contained 196 participants with breast cancer, who were referred to an oncology center in Qazvin, Iran. Data were collected using the demographic characteristics questionnaire, PTG inventory, and LOC scale. Pearson’s test was applied to assess the relation between PTG and LOC. Results: The mean PTG score was 61.43 ± 12.06, which indicated some degrees of growth in all the participants. Regarding LOC, the majority of the participants (74.5%) were external and the minority of them (25.5%) were internal. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient demonstrated a significant reverse relationship between PTG and external LOC in the participants (P<0.05; r=-0.253). Conclusion: The significant negative correlation between PTG and external LOC can help health staff, managers, and politicians to enhance the psychological health of women with breast cancer.
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