Background: Chronic liver disease occurs due to different etiologies. Most diabetic patients are unaware that the effective control of hyperglycemia might reduce complications and mortality rates. Fatty liver disease is considered a risk factor of hepatic cirrhosis and cancers. Methods and Results: We conducted a case-control study to assess the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the liver using a CT scan. A total of 100 patients with T2DM and 96 non-diabetic patients as a control group were selected using a convenient sampling method. There was a significant difference in liver attenuation in diabetic and control groups. The CT attenuation values of the liver, pancreas, and spleen were significantly lower in patients with T2DM than in non-diabetics (P<0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between the duration of T2DM and CT attenuation of the liver, pancreas, and spleen (P<0.01). Conclusion: The CT attenuation of the liver was significantly lower in T2DM than in the non-diabetic patients, and liver attenuation decreased as the duration of T2DM increased.

Objective: Lower back pain is a very common health problem worldwide and a major cause of disability affecting performance at work and general well-being.Also it is highly prevalent and has substantial socioeconomic implications. The aim of this study was to find out the most common MRI findings in lumbar spine of Sudanese patients with lower back pain and its relation to the patients age,gender and body mass index (BMI ). Materials and Methods:Total 104 patients with lower back pain from both gender and aged between (11-80) years were scanned for lumbar spine MRI at (Abdoon Seed Ahmed Medical Complex,and Alzaytoona Hospital),in a period from July 2021 to March 2022 were enrolled in the study.The data were collected from medical reports using data collecting sheet and were analyzes by SPSS. Results: The study found that the most common MRI findings were disc bulge (67.6%),followed by loss of lordosis (48.9%), and the most affected level was L4-L5.MRI findings was not affected with patients age and gender,on other hand the lumbar disordrers were significantly affected by patients BMI (P-value= 0.00). Conclusion: The study showed that lumbar disorder was affected with patient BMI,but there was no significant variation nor with age neither with gender

Caudate-right lobe ratio (C/RL) is a non-invasive method used in the assessment of liver size, usually in the setting of cirrhosis. This was a descriptive cross- sectional study that was carried out to evaluate the ratio between the caudate and right liver lobes among the normal Sudanese population at Omdurman teaching hospital and Alzaiem Alazhari ultrasonic clinic. This study was conducted from December 2016 to March 2017. To measure the length of acaudate liver lobe, to calculate the caudate to right lobe ratio(C/RL) , to correlate the result with the participant's age, weight, and gender ,and to establish a normal ratio in Sudanese. This study applied among 90 participants, who had no evidence of hepatic pathology. The data was collected using a data collection sheet which was classied and analyzed by using a statistical package for social science (SPSS). The study found that the caudate to right Lobe ratio in Sudanese ranged from 0.3 to 0.6, the maximum and minimum length of the caudate lobe obtained was (8cm and 3cm) respectively, while the maximum and minimum length of the right lobe obtained was (14cm and 10 cm) respectively, the study found that there was no signicant correlation between participant age and caudate to right lobes ratio The study concluded that ultrasound is an easy, available, less expensive, non-invasive, and safe tool for assessing the liver. The study recommended that the use of ultrasound in investigating the liver and oor be open for other investigators to participate.

Caudate-right lobe ratio (C/RL) is a non-invasive method used in the assessment of liver size, usually in the setting of cirrhosis. This was a descriptive cross- sectional study that was carried out to evaluate the ratio between the caudate and right liver lobes among the normal Sudanese population at Omdurman teaching hospital and Alzaiem Alazhari ultrasonic clinic. This study was conducted from December 2016 to March 2017. To measure the length of acaudate liver lobe, to calculate the caudate to right lobe ratio(C/RL) , to correlate the result with the participant's age, weight, and gender ,and to establish a normal ratio in Sudanese. This study applied among 90 participants, who had no evidence of hepatic pathology. The data was collected using a data collection sheet which was classied and analyzed by using a statistical package for social science (SPSS). The study found that the caudate to right Lobe ratio in Sudanese ranged from 0.3 to 0.6, the maximum and minimum length of the caudate lobe obtained was (8cm and 3cm) respectively, while the maximum and minimum length of the right lobe obtained was (14cm and 10 cm) respectively, the study found that there was no signicant correlation between participant age and caudate to right lobes ratio The study concluded that ultrasound is an easy, available, less expensive, non-invasive, and safe tool for assessing the liver. The study recommended that the use of ultrasound in investigating the liver and oor be open for other investigators to participate.